Editing Bail (section)

==== Scotland ====
Bail can be granted by any of the [[courts of Scotland]], with the final decision in [[solemn proceedings]] being with the [[High Court of Justiciary]]. All crimes are bailable, and bail should be granted to any accused person "except where there is good reason for refusing bail". The [[Bail, Judicial Appointments etc. (Scotland) Act 2000]], an Act of the Scottish Parliament, had removed the previous restrictions on bail that meant that murder and treason were not ordinarily bailable.<ref name="act_2000_c9">{{Cite legislation Scotland|act=Bail, Judicial Appointments etc. (Scotland) Act 2000|chapter=9|year=2000|type=act}}</ref> However, a person could be bailed when accused of these crimes on application of the [[Lord Advocate]] or by a decision of the High Court itself.<ref name="south_africa_compare2" /> The [[Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007]] reintroduced restrictions on the granting of bail by requiring exceptional circumstances to be shown when a person is accused of a violent, sexual or drugs offence, and they have a prior conviction for a similar offence.<ref name="act_2007_c6">{{Cite legislation Scotland|act=Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007|chapter=6|type=act|year=2007}}</ref>

In Scotland, the focus is normally for those who are opposed to bail to convince the courts that bail should not be granted,<ref name="south_africa_compare2">{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=John G.|date=1965|editor-last=Hahlo|editor-first=H.R.|editor2-last=Kahn|editor2-first=Ellison|title=Pre-Trial Criminal Procedure in Scotland: A Comparative Study|journal=The South African Law Journal|volume=LXXXII|issue=2|pages=192–209}}</ref> with the [[procurator fiscal]] given guidance to use the nature and gravity of an offence as grounds to oppose bail.<ref name="regulations_c8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.crownoffice.gov.uk/images/Documents/Prosecution_Policy_Guidance/Book_of_Regulations/Book%20of%20Regulations%20-%20Chapter%208%20-%20Bail.PDF|title=Chapter 8 – Bail {{!}} Book of Regulations|date=December 2007|website=crownoffice.gov.uk|publisher=Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service|page=3|access-date=7 May 2017|archive-date=3 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003050924/http://www.crownoffice.gov.uk/images/Documents/Prosecution_Policy_Guidance/Book_of_Regulations/Book%20of%20Regulations%20-%20Chapter%208%20-%20Bail.PDF|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A person who is refused bail can appeal against the refusal to either the [[Sheriff Appeal Court]] for summary proceedings in the [[Sheriff Court]]s and [[Justice of the Peace Court]]s and solemn proceedings in the Sheriff Courts, or to the High Court of Justiciary when a case is on trial there.<ref name="appealsheriffs">{{cite web|last1=Agency|first1=The Zen|title=An overview of the new Sheriff Appeal Court|url=http://www.bto.co.uk/blog/is-orange-the-new-black-when-it-comes-to-the-new-system-for-appeals-in-scotland.aspx|website=bto.co.uk|publisher=BTO Solicitors LLP|access-date=3 April 2017|language=en|date=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="criminaljustice">{{cite web|last1=McCallum|first1=Frazer|title=The Scottish Criminal Justice System:The Criminal Courts|url=http://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/S5/SB_16-46_The_Scottish_Criminal_Justice_System-The_Criminal_Courts.pdf|website=parliament.scot|publisher=Scottish Parliament Information Centre|access-date=6 April 2017|date=1 June 2016|archive-date=7 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407055256/http://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/S5/SB_16-46_The_Scottish_Criminal_Justice_System-The_Criminal_Courts.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The High Court of Justiciary has final authority to decide all bail decisions, and will decide on bail appeals for cases before the High Court on first instance. A [[Procurator Fiscal]] or [[Advocate Depute]] can request the High Court to review any bail decision where they believe that bail should not have been granted.<ref name="glasgow_law_practice">{{cite web|title=A Guide to Bail Conditions in Scotland|url=https://www.theglasgowlawpractice.co.uk/crime/a-guide-to-bail-conditions-in-scotland.html|website=theglasgowlawpractice.co.uk|publisher=The Glasgow Law Practice|access-date=7 May 2017|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref name="act_1995_">{{Cite legislation UK|type=act|year=1995|chapter=46|act=Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995}}</ref>