Editing Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow (section)

==Variants==

===Mark 1===
The Arrow Mark 1 was the initial version powered by two Pratt&nbsp;& Whitney J75 turbojet engines that produced {{convert|23500|lbf|kN|sigfig=3}} of thrust each. The Mk&nbsp;1 was used for development and flight testing. Five were completed.<ref>Donald, David, ed. "Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow". ''The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft'', p.&nbsp;88. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. {{ISBN|0-7607-0592-5}}.</ref>

===Mark 2===
The Mk&nbsp;2 version was to be fitted with the [[Orenda Iroquois|Orenda PS-13 Iroquois]] engines and would be evaluated by RCAF acceptance pilots as well as Avro test pilots. The new PS-13S engines were designed to produce {{convert|30000|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} each. The Astra/Sparrow fire control system had been terminated by the government in September 1958 with all aircraft to employ the Hughes/Falcon combination. At the time of cancellation of the entire program, the first Arrow Mk 2, RL-206, was ready for taxi trials;<ref name = 'campagna85'>Campagna 1998, p.&nbsp;85.</ref> Avro expected it to break the world speed record, but it never flew.

Top speed would have been limited by atmospheric frictional heating, according to project engineer James Floyd, "[t]he aluminum alloy structure which we favoured was good for speeds greater than a Mach number of 2."<ref name="Floyd 1958">Floyd 1958</ref>

===Other designs===
Avro Canada had a wide range of advanced Arrow variants under development at the time of project cancellation. Frequent mention is made of an Arrow that could have been capable of Mach&nbsp;3, similar to the [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25]]. This was not the production version, but one of the design studies, and would have been a greatly modified version of the Arrow Mk&nbsp;2, featuring revised engine inlets and extensive use of [[carbon steel]] and titanium to withstand airframe heating.<ref>Campagna 2003, p.&nbsp;175.</ref> The Mark 2A and Mark 3 were also to have updated engines, capable of producing {{convert|39800|lbf|kN|abbr=on}} each, increasing the maximum takeoff weight by {{cvt|7700|kg|lb|order=flip}} and flight ceiling to 70,000&nbsp;ft.{{sfn|Valiquette|2010|p=89}}

===Replicas===
A replica Arrow built by Allan Jackson was used in ''[[The Arrow (miniseries)|The Arrow]]'', a [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC) production. He began building a full-scale replica of the Arrow in 1989, and was approached by the producers of the Arrow miniseries in 1996, then about 70% complete, who made an offer to complete the construction if the replica could be used for the production. It was used on the [[miniseries]] and several public appearances at air shows. The replica was later donated to the [[Reynolds-Alberta Museum]] in his home town of [[Wetaskiwin]], [[Alberta]]. While in a temporary outdoor collection, it was damaged in a wind storm in 2009. It has since been repaired, but is no longer on public display.<ref>Gainor, Chris. [http://www.avroarrow.org/AvroArrow/replica.html "Modern Arrows: Movie Replica"] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806160915/http://www.avroarrow.org/AvroArrow/replica.html |date=6 August 2011 }}). ''avroarrow.org''. Retrieved: 11 September 2010</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aviation |url=https://reynoldsmuseum.ca/aviation |website=Reynolds Museum |publisher=Government of Alberta |access-date=1 December 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Avro Arrow replica.jpg|thumb|right|Avro Arrow replica at CASM Arrow rollout, 8 October 2006]]

The Avro Museum, based out of [[Calgary/Springbank Airport]] (CYBW) west of Calgary, Alberta, Canada, is building a 2/3rd scale, manned, high performance flying replica of the Avro Arrow (officially known as ARROW II)<ref name="AvroMus">{{cite web|url=http://www.avromuseum.com/master-plan.html|title=Master Plan – Avro Museum|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=2014|website=www.avromuseum.com|publisher=Avro Museum, Calgary, Canada|access-date=25 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826160947/http://www.avromuseum.com/master-plan.html|archive-date=26 August 2014|url-status=dead }}</ref> to Canadian Aviation Experimental Aircraft Regulations in order to become an airshow demonstration aircraft. Construction began in October 2007, and by 2012 the fuselage was completed and passed its first MDRA inspection, and now has a serial number. Powered by a pair of Pratt & Whitney JT-15D-4s, the ARROW II is to have a top speed of approximately 500 knots and a range of 1,800 miles. Current projections show a final cost of the project at approximately one million dollars and it was hoped that ground tests would start in about 2016 with the first flight to follow.<ref>[http://142.179.170.230/avro/ "Arrow II Project"] ({{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226131743/http://142.179.170.230/avro/|date=26 February 2011 }}). ''Avro Museum''. Retrieved: 17 June 2012.</ref> The 2018 Annual report from the museum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.avromuseum.com/annual-report.html|title=Avro Museum – Annual Report – AVRO MUSEUM|access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref> updates the previous predictions, and states

<blockquote>We look forward to more exciting progress in the coming year as we work towards the goal of having the Arrow II on its landing gear and able to be presented as a work in progress static display at the 2019 Springbank Airshow.</blockquote>

The [[Canadian Air and Space Museum]] (CASM), previously located at the Toronto/[[Downsview Airport]] (CYZD), featured a full-size replica Arrow built by volunteers with materials supplied by local aerospace firms. With a metal structure, the replica features many authentic-looking components including landing gear constructed by [[Messier-Dowty]], the original Arrow primary landing gear sub-contractor. Painted by [[Bombardier Inc.]] at their Downview plant in the colours of Arrow 25203, the Arrow replica was rolled out for a media event on 28 September 2006 and was on public display on 8–9 October 2006 to commemorate the 49th anniversary of the original aircraft's rollout in 1957.<ref>[http://casmuseum.org/collection.shtml "Our Collection and Displays"] ({{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901004231/http://www.casmuseum.org/collection.shtml |date=1 September 2010 }}). Canadian Air and Space Museum. Retrieved: 11 September 2010.</ref> CASM was closed in 2011 when the hangar was rebuilt for use by a college.

This replica was in storage at [[Toronto Pearson International Airport|Toronto Pearson Intl Airport]] (CYYZ) after being displayed at the Toronto International Centre (across the road from where the actual aircraft were built) for a technology trade show that ran from 30 September to 4 October 2013. In late 2019, Milan Kroupa brought the replica to [[Edenvale Airport]] (CNV8), south of Georgian Bay in Southern Ontario. It is currently on display in a hangar, with weekly showings to the public.

===Scale models===

Between 1954 and 1957, nine Avro Arrow models, scaled at one-eighth size or about {{convert|3|m|ft|order=flip|0}} long, are believed to have been launched, using rockets, over [[Lake Ontario]] from Point Petre in [[Prince Edward County, Ontario]] as part of the process for testing the hull design. (Two others were launched in Virginia.) They travelled at supersonic speeds as onboard sensors sent data back to shore.<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2013/01/03/avro_arrow_lost_models_draw_arrowheads_to_search_lake_relentlessly.html Thestar.com]<!--Date of retrieval?--></ref> After many attempts to find the models, a new search was started in late July 2017. The Raise the Arrow project, operated by OEX Recovery Group Incorporated, was a joint venture by several companies, the Canadian Coast Guard and the Royal Canadian Military Institute. A Thunderfish autonomous submarine, equipped with an AquaPix interferometric synthetic aperture sonar, was being used to survey the relevant area of the lake bottom.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/avro-arrow-models-lake-ontario-1.4225591 CBC.ca]<!--Date of retrieval?-->; [http://globalnews.ca/news/3633062/mini-submarine-launched-in-lake-ontario-to-uncover-the-avro-arrow/ Global News online]<!--Date of retrieval?--></ref> Any scale models found will be restored and displayed at the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] in [[Ottawa]] and the [[National Air Force Museum of Canada]] in [[Trenton, Ontario]].<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/submarine-mission-aims-to-recover-avro-arrow-jet-prototypes-from-lake-ontario/article35728162/ ''Toronto Globe and Mail'' online]<!--Date of retrieval?--></ref>

In September 2017, the Raise the Arrow Project confirmed the discovery of one of the 1/8 scale<ref>{{cite web |url=https://copanational.org/en/2020/01/30/raise-the-arrow/ |title=Raise the Arrow |date=30 January 2020 |publisher=Canadian Owners and Pilots Association |access-date=12 October 2020 }}</ref>  Delta Test Vehicle (DTV) models  at the bottom of Lake Ontario.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Long-lost Avro Arrow model found at bottom of Lake Ontario|date=8 September 2017|newspaper=[[Toronto Star]]|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2017/09/08/long-lost-avro-arrow-model-found-at-bottom-of-lake-ontario.html}}</ref> It was recovered in August 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sunken Avro Arrow model recovered from Lake Ontario|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/avro-arrow-recovered-lake-ontario-1.4793463|access-date=22 August 2018|publisher=[[CBC News]]|date=22 August 2018}}</ref> The model was restored and has been on display at the Canadian Aviation and Space Museum since 2019. The search for one of the more advanced Arrow test models, in cooperation with the Royal Canadian Air Force, continued.<ref>{{Cite web|last=JBaldwin3|first=Derek Baldwin |date=23 January 2020 |title=More from Derek Baldwin: Mini Arrow model expedition resumes in Lake Ontario deeps off PEC |url=https://www.intelligencer.ca/news/local-news/mini-arrow-model-expedition-resumes-in-lake-ontario-deeps-off-pec |access-date=12 October 2020|website=Belleville Intelligencer |language=en-CA}}</ref> In September 2020, OEX announced that a piece of another test model had been discovered; the Project was working on a method to recover that piece and to find other pieces of the same wreck.<ref>{{cite news|title=After decades of failed searches, the 'holy grail' of Avro Arrow artifacts uncovered at the bottom of Lake Ontario|date=8 October 2020|url=https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/after-decades-of-failed-searches-the-holy-grail-of-avro-arrow-artifacts-uncovered-at-the-bottom-of-lake-ontario|work=National Post|access-date=12 October 2020|quote=He says the team is still trying to determine how to remove the piece, and are planning on reviewing their existing sonar images nearby. Now that they’ve found one piece, it becomes much easier to find the rest.}}</ref>

=== "Destroyed" plans re-discovered ===
On January 6, 2020, CBC News announced that the Arrow's plans, long thought to have been destroyed, were kept. Ken Barnes, a senior draftsman on the project in 1959, was ordered to destroy all documents related to the Avro Arrow project. Instead, he quietly took the blueprints home where they remained stored for decades.<ref name = "Avro Arrow blueprints on display after sitting in Sask. man's home for decades">Shield, David. [https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/saskatoon/saved-avro-arrow-blueprints-ordered-destroyed-1.5416554 "Avro Arrow blueprints on display after sitting in Sask. man's home for decades"]. CBC News, 6 January 2020. Retrieved: 8 January 2020.</ref> The blueprints were on display in the ''Touch the Sky: The Story of Avro Canada'' exhibit at the [[Diefenbaker Canada Centre]] at the [[University of Saskatchewan]] until April 2020.

In 2021, the National Research Council of Canada digitized and released 595 Avro Arrow reports stored in their rare book room and the NRC Archives, both located in [[Ottawa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nrc-digital-repository.canada.ca/eng/home/collection/avro-canada-cf-105-arrow/|title = Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow |publisher=NRC Digital Repository| date=10 April 2023 }}</ref>

=== Legacy ===
The "Avro Arrow Private" street name commemorates the aircraft at [[Ottawa Macdonald–Cartier International Airport]].