Editing Apollo 16 (section)

==== First moonwalk ====
After waking up on April 21, Young and Duke ate breakfast and began preparations for the first extravehicular activity (EVA), or moonwalk.<ref>{{cite web|title=Wake-up for EVA-1|date=November 22, 2009|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1wake.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231213246/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1wake.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Preparations for EVA-1|date=September 22, 2014|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1prep.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201050321/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1prep.html|url-status=live}}</ref> After the pair donned and pressurized their space suits and depressurized the Lunar Module cabin, Young climbed out onto the "porch" of the LM, a small platform above the ladder. Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface.<ref name="briar">{{cite web|title=Back in the Briar Patch|url=http://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1prelim.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|date=December 7, 2012|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=December 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231213221/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.eva1prelim.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. Young descended the ladder and, upon setting foot on the lunar surface, became the ninth human to walk on the Moon.<ref name="fullsummary" /> Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. Highland plains. Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. I'm sure glad they got ol' [[Brer Rabbit]], here, back in the briar patch where he belongs."<ref name="briar" /> Duke soon descended the ladder and joined Young on the surface, becoming the tenth person to walk on the Moon. Duke was then aged 36; no younger human has ever walked on the lunar surface. Duke expressed his excitement, stating to CAPCOM Anthony England: "Fantastic! Oh, that first foot on the lunar surface is super, Tony!"<ref name="briar" /> The pair's first task of the moonwalk was to offload the Lunar Roving Vehicle, the Far Ultraviolet Camera/Spectrograph,<ref>{{cite web|title=Experiment Operations During Apollo EVAs |url=http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXlibrary/docs/ApolloCat/Part1/UVC.htm |work=[[Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate]] |publisher=[[NASA]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130220145727/http://ares.jsc.nasa.gov/HumanExplore/Exploration/EXLibrary/docs/ApolloCat/Part1/UVC.htm |archive-date=February 20, 2013 }}</ref> and other equipment. This was done without problems. On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States [[Lunar Flag Assembly|flag]]. During lunar surface operations, Commander Young always drove the rover, while Lunar Module Pilot Duke assisted with navigation; this was a division of responsibilities used consistently throughout Apollo's J missions.<ref name="cdrdriver">{{cite web|url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.summary.html|title=Apollo 15 Mission Summary: Mountains of the Moon|date=November 6, 2012|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal|access-date=March 2, 2020|archive-date=February 20, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220212002/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a15/a15.summary.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Haynes">{{cite book |title=Lunar Rover: Owner's Workshop Manual |last1=Riley |first1=Christopher |last2=Woods |first2=David |last3=Dolling |first3=Philip |date=December 2012 |publisher=[[Haynes Manual|Haynes]] |isbn=978-0-85733-267-7 |page=165}}</ref>

[[File:Ap16 rover.ogv|thumb|left|Young driving the LRV during the "Grand Prix"]]
The day's next task was to deploy the ALSEP; while they were parking the lunar rover, on which the TV camera was mounted, to observe the deployment, the rear steering began functioning. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a {{convert|36|m|ft|abbr=on|adj=mid|-wide|order=flip}} crater on the rim of [[Flag (crater)|Flag Crater]], about {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=on|sp=us}} across. There, at a distance of {{convert|1.4|km|mi|abbr=on|sp=us}} from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying [[Cayley (crater)|Cayley Formation]]. It was there that Duke retrieved, at the request of Mission Control, the largest rock returned by an Apollo mission, a [[breccia]] nicknamed [[Big Muley]] after mission geology principal investigator [[William R. Muehlberger]].<ref name="honeysuckle">{{cite web |url=http://www.honeysucklecreek.net/msfn_missions/Apollo_16_mission/hl_apollo16.html |title=Apollo 16 |last=Lindsay |first=Hamish |publisher=[[Honeysuckle Creek Tracking Station]] |type=Essay |access-date=November 27, 2011 |archive-date=December 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231213249/https://www.honeysucklecreek.net/msfn_missions/Apollo_16_mission/hl_apollo16.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Station 1 at Plum Crater|date=April 7, 2018|url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.sta1.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|access-date=September 23, 2021|archive-date=February 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225171542/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.sta1.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The next stop of the day was Buster Crater, a small crater located north of the larger [[Spook (crater)|Spook Crater]], about {{convert|1.6|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the LM. There, Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray Crater, while Young deployed the LPM.<ref>{{cite web|title=Station 2 at Buster Crater|date=July 18, 2011|url=http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.sta2.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111025113946/http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.sta2.html|archive-date=October 25, 2011}}</ref> By this point, scientists were beginning to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material. Following their stop at Buster, Young did a "Grand Prix" demonstration drive of the lunar rover, which Duke filmed with a [[16 mm film|16 mm]] movie camera. This had been attempted on Apollo 15, but the camera had malfunctioned.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grand Prix|url=http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.trvlm1.html|date=January 17, 2020|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026114051/http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.trvlm1.html|archive-date=October 26, 2011}}</ref> After completing more tasks at the ALSEP, they returned to the LM to close out the moonwalk. They reentered the LM 7{{nbsp}}hours, 6{{nbsp}}minutes, and 56 seconds after the start of the EVA. Once inside, they pressurized the LM cabin, went through a half-hour debriefing with scientists in Mission Control, and configured the cabin for the sleep period.<ref name="honeysuckle" /><ref>{{cite web|title=EVA-1 Closeout|url=http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.clsout1.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024214907/http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.clsout1.html|archive-date=October 24, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Debrief and Goodnight|url=http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.debrief1.html|publisher=[[NASA]]|editor-first=Eric M.|editor-last=Jones|editor2-first=Ken|editor2-last=Glover|work=Apollo 16 Lunar Surface Journal|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021105620/http://next.nasa.gov/alsj/a16/a16.debrief1.html|archive-date=October 21, 2011|date=June 18, 2011}}</ref>