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=== Future developments === Guns are being increasingly pushed into specialist roles, such as the Dutch [[Goalkeeper CIWS]], which uses the [[GAU-8 Avenger]] 30 mm seven-barrel [[Gatling gun]] for last ditch anti-missile and anti-aircraft defence. Even this formerly front-line weapon is currently being replaced by new missile systems, such as the [[RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile]], which is smaller, faster, and allows for mid-flight course correction (guidance) to ensure a hit. To bridge the gap between guns and missiles, Russia in particular produces the [[Kashtan CIWS]], which uses both guns and missiles for final defence with two six-barrelled 30 mm [[Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-6-30|Gsh-6-30]] rotary canon and eight [[9M311]] surface-to-air missiles provide for its defensive capabilities. Upsetting this development to all-missile systems is the current move to [[stealth aircraft]]. Long range missiles depend on long-range detection to provide significant lead. Stealth designs cut detection ranges so much that the aircraft is often never even seen, and when it is, it is often too late for an intercept. Systems for detection and tracking of stealthy aircraft are a major problem for anti-aircraft development. However, as [[stealth technology]] grows, so does anti-stealth technology. Multiple transmitter radars such as those from [[bistatic radar]]s and [[low-frequency radar]]s are said to have the capabilities to detect stealth aircraft. Advanced forms of [[thermographic camera]]s such as those that incorporate [[Quantum well infrared photodetector|QWIPs]] would be able to optically see a stealth aircraft regardless of the aircraft's [[radar cross-section]] (RCS). In addition, side-looking radars, high-powered [[optical]] [[satellite]]s, and sky-scanning, high-[[aperture]], high sensitivity [[radar]]s such as [[radio telescope]]s, would all be able to narrow down the location of a stealth aircraft under certain parameters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.mac.com/ardeshir/Anti-StealthTechnology.pdf |title=Anti-Stealth Technology |access-date=15 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104184517/http://homepage.mac.com/ardeshir/Anti-StealthTechnology.pdf |archive-date=4 November 2011 }}</ref> The newest SAMs have a claimed ability to be able to detect and engage stealth targets, with the most notable being the Russian [[S-400 (SAM)|S-400]], which is claimed to be able to detect a target with a 0.05-square metre RCS from 90 km away.<ref name="aus">{{cite journal|author=Carlo Kopp |date=November 2003 |title=Asia's new SAMs |journal=Australian Aviation |page=30 |url=http://www.ausairpower.net/TE-Asia-Sams-Pt2.pdf |access-date=9 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060723191844/http://www.ausairpower.net/TE-Asia-Sams-Pt2.pdf |archive-date=23 July 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the [[laser]]. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the [[Tactical High Energy Laser]] can be used in the anti-aircraft and anti-missile role. The [[ALKA (weapon)|ALKA]] [[directed-energy weapon]] (DEW) system is a Turkish dual electromagnetic/laser weapon developed by [[Roketsan]] allegedly used to destroy one of [[General National Congress|GNC's]] [[Wing Loong II]] [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle|UAVs]]; if true, this would represent the first known time a vehicle mounted combat laser was used to destroy another combat vehicle during genuine wartime conditions.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Peck|first=Michael|date=1 September 2019|title=Did A Turkish Combat Laser Shoot Down A Chinese Drone?|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/did-turkish-combat-laser-shoot-down-chinese-drone-77286|access-date=2022-03-17|website=The National Interest|language=en}}</ref> The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the [[railgun]]. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a [[Tomahawk (missile family)|Tomahawk]], but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the [[US Navy]] tested a railgun; it fired a shell at {{convert|5600|mi|km}} per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over {{convert|13000|mi|km}} per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-metre target from {{convert|200|nmi|km}} away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Modern Weaponry of the World's Armed Forces|last=Col. Y Udaya Chandar (Retd.)|publisher=Notion Press|year=2017|isbn=9781946983794}}</ref> These systems, while currently designed for static targets, would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system.
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