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===Ottoman Empire=== {{further|Ottoman Empire}} [[File:Growth of the Ottoman Empire.jpg|thumb|[[Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire]] between 1359 and 1683]] Among the [[Turkish people|Turkish]] leaders, the [[Ottoman dynasty|Ottomans]] emerged as great power under [[Osman I]] and his son [[Orhan]].<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osman-I|title=Osman I {{!}} Ottoman sultan|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424073731/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Osman-I|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Orhan|title=Orhan {{!}} Ottoman sultan|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=10 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310140006/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Orhan|url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Anatolian beyliks]] were successively absorbed into the rising [[Ottoman Empire]] during the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-history-of-islam/rise-of-the-ottomans/015D10BC98EA8A2D69B29D54AC7241CC|title=The rise of the Ottomans (Chapter 11) – The New Cambridge History of Islam|pages=313–31|last=Fleet|first=Kate|publisher=Cambridge Core|language=en|access-date=23 April 2018|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521839570.013|chapter=The rise of the Ottomans|year=2010|isbn=978-1139056151|archive-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071602/https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/new-cambridge-history-of-islam/rise-of-the-ottomans/015D10BC98EA8A2D69B29D54AC7241CC|url-status=live}}</ref> It is not well understood how the Osmanlı, or [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Turks]], came to dominate their neighbours, as the history of medieval Anatolia is still little known.<ref>{{cite book |last=Finkel |first=Caroline |title=Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9cTHyUQoTyUC&pg=PA5 |year=2007 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-0465008506 |page=5 |access-date=6 June 2013 |archive-date=2 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102002603/http://books.google.com/books?id=9cTHyUQoTyUC&pg=PA5 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ottomans completed the conquest of the peninsula in 1517 with the taking of [[Halicarnassus]] (modern [[Bodrum]]) from the [[Knights of Saint John]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/halicarnassus|title=Halicarnassus |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |orig-date=15 December 2003 |date=1 March 2012 |first1=Bruno |last1=Genito |access-date=23 April 2018|archive-date=24 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180424071811/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/halicarnassus|url-status=live}}</ref>
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