Editing Alexander Fleming (section)

== Awards and legacy ==
[[File:Flemingawardsnationalmuseumofscotland.jpg|thumb|right|Display of Fleming's awards, including his Nobel Prize. Also shows a sample of penicillin and an example of an early apparatus for preparing it.]]
[[File:Nobelpristagare Fleming Midi.jpg|thumb|Sir Alexander Fleming (centre) receiving the Nobel prize from King [[Gustaf V of Sweden]] (right) in 1945|alt=]]
[[File:Faroe stamp 079 europe (fleming).jpg|thumb|right|[[Faroe Islands]] postage stamp commemorating Fleming]]
[[File:Barcelona a Sir Alexander Fleming.JPG|thumb|''Barcelona to Sir Alexander Fleming'' (1956), by [[Catalans|Catalan]] sculptor [[:es:Josep Manuel Benedicto|Josep Manuel Benedicto]]. [[Barcelona]]: jardins del Doctor Fleming.]]
Fleming's discovery of penicillin changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful [[antibiotic]]s; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juiDySqWVYkC&pg=PT120|title=Biology|last2=Ingram|first2=Neil|publisher=Nelson Thornes|year=2001|isbn=0-7487-6238-8|edition=2nd, illustrated|page=105|quote=Penicillin is just one of a very large number of drugs which today are used by doctors to treat people with diseases.|access-date=4 March 2012}}</ref>

The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to the [[St Mary's Hospital, London#Fleming Museum|Fleming Museum]], a popular London attraction. His alma mater, [[St Mary's Hospital Medical School]], merged with [[Imperial College London]] in 1988. The ''Sir Alexander Fleming Building'' on the [[South Kensington]] campus was opened in 1998, where his son Robert and his great-granddaughter Claire were presented to the Queen; it is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the [[Imperial College School of Medicine]].

His other alma mater, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the [[University of Westminster]]) has named one of its student halls of residence ''Alexander Fleming House'', which is near to [[Old Street]].

{{unordered list
| Fleming, Florey and Chain jointly received the [[Nobel Prize in Medicine]] in 1945. According to the rules of the Nobel committee, a maximum of three people may share the prize. Fleming's Nobel Prize medal was acquired by the [[National Museums of Scotland]] in 1989 and is on display after the museum re-opened in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=100,000 visitors in 6 days |url=http://www.nms.ac.uk/about_us/about_us/press_office/press_releases/2011/100,000_visitors_in_6_days.aspx |publisher=National Museums Scotland |date=3 August 2011 |access-date=4 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120223192704/http://www.nms.ac.uk/about_us/about_us/press_office/press_releases/2011/100%2C000_visitors_in_6_days.aspx |archive-date=23 February 2012 }}</ref>
| He was a member of the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]].<ref name="lesprixnobel"/>
| He was elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1943|Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1943]].<ref name="frs"/>
| He was awarded the [[Hunterian Professorship]] by the [[Royal College of Surgeons of England]].
|6=He was [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom|knighted]] as a [[Knight Bachelor]] by King George VI in 1944.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=36544|date=2 June 1944 |page=2566 |supp=y}}</ref><ref>"People of the century". P. 78. CBS News. Simon & Schuster, 1999</ref>|7=He was awarded the [[Medal for Merit]] by the President of the United States.<ref name=Kelly/>|8=He was made a Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]] by the French Republic.<ref name=Kelly/>|9=He was made a Grand Cross of the [[Order of the Phoenix (Greece)|Order of the Phoenix]] of Greece.<ref name=Kelly/>|10=He was made a Knight Grand Cross of the [[Order of Alfonso X the Wise]] (Spain) in 1948.<ref>{{cite book|last=Santesmases|first=María Jesús|date=18 December 2017|title=The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain: Health, Wealth and Authority|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ehDDwAAQBAJ&q=gran+cruz+alfonso+x+fleming&pg=PA41|access-date=7 July 2020|page=39|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-69718-5}}</ref>|11=In 1999, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine named Fleming one of the [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|100 Most Important People of the 20th century]], stating:
{{blockquote|It was a discovery that would change the course of history. The active ingredient in that mould, which Fleming named penicillin, turned out to be an infection-fighting agent of enormous potency. When it was finally recognized for what it was, the most efficacious life-saving drug in the world, penicillin would alter forever the treatment of bacterial infections. By the middle of the century, Fleming's discovery had spawned a huge [[pharmaceutical industry]], churning out synthetic penicillins that would conquer some of mankind's most ancient scourges, including [[syphilis]], [[gangrene]] and [[tuberculosis]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Alexander Fleming – Time 100 People of the Century|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990612,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016213052/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990612,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 October 2007|magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|date=29 March 1999}}</ref>}}|12=The importance of his work was recognized by the placement of an [[International Historic Chemical Landmark]] plaque at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London on 19 November 1999.<ref>{{cite web |title=Discovery and Development of Penicillin |url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/flemingpenicillin.html |publisher = American Chemical Society |work = International Historic Chemical Landmarks |access-date = 21 August 2018 }}</ref>|13=When 2000 was approaching, at least three large Swedish magazines ranked penicillin as the most important discovery of the millennium.|14=In 2002, Fleming was named in the [[BBC]]'s list of the [[100 Greatest Britons]] following a nationwide vote.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021204214727/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/programmes/greatbritons/list.shtml/|archive-date=4 December 2002|title=Great Britons – Top 100|publisher=BBC|access-date=19 July 2017}}</ref>|15=A statue of him stands outside the main bullring in [[Madrid]], Plaza de Toros de [[Las Ventas]].<ref name="Lewine">{{cite book|first=Edward |last=Lewine |year=2007 |title=Death and the Sun: A Matador's Season in the Heart of Spain |page= 123 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt}}</ref> It was erected by subscription from grateful [[matador]]s, as penicillin greatly reduced the number of deaths in the bullring.<ref name="Lewine"/>|16=Flemingovo náměstí is a square named after Fleming in the university area of the [[Dejvice]] community in [[Prague]].|17=A secondary school is named after him in [[Sofia]], Bulgaria.|18=In [[Athens]], a small square in the downtown district of Votanikos is named after Fleming and bears his bust. There are also a number of streets in greater Athens and other towns in Greece named after either Fleming or his Greek second wife Amalia.|19=In mid-2009, he was commemorated on a new series of [[banknotes of the pound sterling|banknotes]] issued by the [[Clydesdale Bank]]; his image appears on the new issue of £5 notes.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7828554.stm|title= Banknote designs mark Homecoming|date=14 January 2008|work=BBC News|access-date=20 January 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090125014009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7828554.stm| archive-date= 25 January 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>|20=In 2009, Fleming was voted third greatest Scot in an opinion poll conducted by [[STV (TV channel)|STV]], behind only Scotland's [[national poet]] [[Robert Burns]] and national hero [[William Wallace]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://stv.tv/news/scotland/141018-robert-burns-voted-greatest-scot/|title=Robert Burns voted Greatest Scot|work=[[STV Group]]|date=30 November 2009|access-date=7 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106204321/https://stv.tv/news/scotland/141018-robert-burns-voted-greatest-scot/|archive-date=6 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>|21=[[91006 Fleming]], an asteroid in the Asteroid Belt, is named after him.|22=[[Fleming metro station]], on the [[Thessaloniki Metro]] system, takes its name from Fleming Street on which it is located.|23=[[Sir Alexander Fleming College]], a British school in [[Trujillo, Peru|Trujillo]], northern [[Peru]]|24=He and [[Howard Florey]] were jointly awarded the [[Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh]] in 1945.|25=Rue Alexander Fleming in the borough of [[Saint-Laurent (borough)|Saint-Laurent]] in Montreal is named in his honour.|26=The [[Fleming (crater)|Fleming crater]] on the moon is named after him and the Scottish astronomer [[Williamina Fleming]]. |27=Mount Fleming in New Zealand's [[Paparoa Range]] was named after him in 1970 by the [[Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand)|Department of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref>{{LINZ|id=3705 |name=Mount Fleming |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref>|28=[[Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center|Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming"]], a research organization in [[Greece]] established in the vision of his wife [[Amalia Fleming]].|29=In March 2025, a gable-end mural featuring a portrait of Fleming was unveiled in the centre of Darvel. It is the work of Glasgow-based artist Rogue One.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Toom |first1=Sarah |title=Mural renews town's love of 'hero' Alexander Fleming |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cvg9erxzm30o |access-date=7 April 2025 |work=BBC News |date=7 April 2025}}</ref>}}