Editing Alabama (section)

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of Alabama}}
[[File:Alabama population density 2020.png|thumb|left|Alabama's population density, 2020]]

{{US Census population
|1800= 1250
|1810= 9046
|1820= 144317 |1820n= {{refn|1=Forstall, Richard L. (1996). ''[https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/population-of-states-and-counties-us-1790-1990/population-of-states-and-counties-of-the-united-states-1790-1990.pdf#page=21 Population of States and Counties of the United States: 1790 to 1990]''. Washington: U.S. Bureau of the Census, pp. 8–11. {{ISBN|0-934213-48-8}}. Retrieved May 19, 2021. Due to the late arrival of returns from the counties of [[Lawrence County, Alabama|Lawrence]], [[Perry County, Alabama|Perry]], and [[Washington County, Alabama|Washington]], the population of the state for 1820 was incorrectly listed as 127,901 in the official state total.{{refn|group=subnote|1=The relevant note on p. 10 erroneously switches the population values for Perry and Washington counties. The correct values can be found on [https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1820/1820a-02.pdf#page=109 page 121] of the final census report for 1820.}}}}
|1830= 309527
|1840= 590756
|1850= 771623
|1860= 964201
|1870= 996992
|1880= 1262505
|1890= 1513401
|1900= 1828697
|1910= 2138093
|1920= 2348174
|1930= 2646248
|1940= 2832961
|1950= 3061743
|1960= 3266740
|1970= 3444165
|1980= 3893888
|1990= 4040587
|2000= 4447100
|2010= 4779736
|2020= 5024279
|estyear= 2024
|estimate= 5157699
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=Sources: 1910–2020<ref name="Census2010">[https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html Historical Population Change Data (1910–2020)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429012609/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/dec/popchange-data-text.html |date=April 29, 2021}}</ref>
}}

[[File:Alabama counties by race.svg|thumb|Map of counties in Alabama by racial plurality, per the 2020 census{{Collapsible list
| title = Legend|{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

'''Non-Hispanic White'''

{{legend|#dd7e6b|40–50%}}

{{legend|#cc4125|50–60%}}

{{legend|#a61c00|60–70%}}

{{legend|#85200c|70–80%}}

{{legend|#5b0f00|80–90%}}

{{legend|#410b00|90%+}}

{{col-2}}

'''Black or African American'''

{{legend|#ffe599|40–50%}}

{{legend|#ffd966|50–60%}}

{{legend|#bf9000|70–80%}}

{{legend|#7f6000|80–90%}}

{{col-end}}
}}|325x325px]]

At the [[1800 United States census]], Alabama had a population of 1,250 people. Since then, the state has continued to experience population growth with every U.S. census. According to the [[2020 United States census]] the population of Alabama was 5,024,279, which represents an increase of 244,543 or 5.12%, since the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=01 |title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search |publisher=2010.census.gov |access-date=December 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230025253/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=01 |archive-date=December 30, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> This includes a natural increase since the last census of 121,054 (502,457 births minus 381,403 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 104,991 into the state.<ref name=census_cum>{{cite web |title=Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012 |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/national/totals/2012/index.html |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]] |access-date=December 24, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090205023552/http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2008-04.csv|archive-date=February 5, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to statistics from 2012, [[Immigration to the United States|immigration]] from outside the U.S. resulted in a net increase of 31,180 people, and migration within the country produced a net gain of 73,811 people.<ref name=census_cum/> The state had 108,000 foreign-born residents (2.4% of the state population), of which an estimated 22.2% were undocumented (24,000). The top countries of origin for immigrants were Mexico, China, India, Germany and [[Guatemala]] as of 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_alabama.pdf|title=Immigrants in Alabama|access-date=January 4, 2024|archive-date=November 19, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231119044636/https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/sites/default/files/research/immigrants_in_alabama.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> According to [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development|HUD]]'s 2022 Annual Homeless Assessment Report, there were an estimated 3,752 [[Homelessness in Alabama|homeless people in Alabama]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2007–2022 PIT Counts by State |url=https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 14, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314020239/https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huduser.gov%2Fportal%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fxls%2F2007-2022-PIT-Counts-by-State.xlsx&wdOrigin=BROWSELINK |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The 2022 Annual Homelessness Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress |url=https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |access-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-date=March 11, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311234217/https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2022-AHAR-Part-1.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref>

With a population density of 99.2 people per square mile as of 2020,<ref name=":6" /> the majority of the state's population lives in [[North Alabama|North]], [[Central Alabama|Central]], and [[South Alabama]], spread throughout the [[Huntsville metropolitan area|Huntsville]], Birmingham, [[Montgomery metropolitan area|Montgomery]] and [[Mobile metropolitan area|Mobile]] metropolitan statistical areas. The [[center of population]] of Alabama is located in Chilton County, outside the town of [[Jemison, Alabama|Jemison]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and Population Centers by State—2000 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=December 3, 2008 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218235101/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt |archive-date=December 18, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" ; text-align:right; font-size:80%;"
|+ style="font-size:90%" |Racial and ethnic composition as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]
|-
! Race and ethnicity<ref name=":5">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=August 12, 2021 |website=census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=September 26, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live}}</ref>
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Alone
! colspan="2" data-sort-type=number |Total
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|63.1|%|2||background:gray}}
|align=right| {{bartable|66.5|%|2||background:gray}}
|-
| [[African Americans|African American (non-Hispanic)]]
|align=right| {{bartable|25.6|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|align=right| {{bartable|26.9|%|2||background:mediumblue}}
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]{{efn|Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are not distinguished between total and partial ancestry.}}
|align=right| {{bartable}}
|align=right| {{bartable|5.3|%|2||background:green}}
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]]
|align=right| {{bartable|1.5|%|2||background:purple}}
|align=right| {{bartable|2.0|%|2||background:purple}}
|-
| Native American
|align=right| {{bartable|0.5|%|2||background:gold}}
|align=right| {{bartable|2.2|%|2||background:gold}}
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]]
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.1|%|2||background:pink}}
|-
| Other
|align=right| {{bartable|0.3|%|2||background:brown}}
|align=right| {{bartable|0.8|%|2||background:brown}}
|}

Many American Indian tribes such as the [[Cherokee]], [[Chickasaw]], [[Choctaw]], and [[Coushatta]] inhabited present-day Alabama before European colonization.<ref name=":4" /> With Spanish, French, and British colonization of Alabama, [[White Americans|white]] and [[black Americans]] migrated to the area. From European colonization to U.S. statehood, Alabama's population grew to become increasingly [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] and African American. By the 2020 census, Alabama's total racial and ethnic population was 66.5% non-Hispanic white and 26.9% African American, with a growing [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic and Latino]] population of 5.3%.<ref name=":5" />

Alabamans citing "American" ancestry are of overwhelmingly English extraction. Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominantly [[English Americans|English]] ancestry and state that the figure is probably much higher. In the 1980 census, 1,139,976 people in Alabama cited that they were of English ancestry out of a total state population of 2,824,719 making them 41% of the state at the time and the largest ethnic group.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |title=Ancestry of the Population by State: 1980 – Table 3<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=February 18, 2018 |archive-date=February 24, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224233043/http://www.census.gov/population/www/censusdata/files/pc80-s1-10/tab03.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Lawrence Santi, 'The Use of Nativity Data to Estimate Ethnic Characteristics and Patterns', ''Social Science Research'', Vol. 14, No. 1 (1985), pp. 44–46.</ref><ref>Stanley Lieberson and Mary C. Waters, 'Ethnic Groups in Flux: The Changing Ethnic Responses of American Whites', ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'', Vol. 487, No. 79 (September 1986), pp. 82–86.</ref>

Alabama has the 5th-highest black and African American population among U.S. states at 25.8% alone as of 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |access-date=September 6, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011, 46.6% of Alabama's population younger than age{{spaces}}1 were minorities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html |title=Americans under age 1 now mostly minorities, but not in Ohio: Statistical Snapshot |last=Exner |first=Rich |work=The Plain Dealer |date=June 3, 2012 |access-date=August 5, 2012 |archive-date=July 14, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714084214/http://www.cleveland.com/datacentral/index.ssf/2012/06/americas_under_age_1_populatio.html |url-status=live}}</ref> The largest reported ancestry groups in Alabama were American (13.4%), [[Irish Americans|Irish]] (10.5%), English (10.2%), [[German Americans|German]] (7.9%), and [[Scotch-Irish Americans|Scots-Irish]] (2.5%) based on 2006–2008 U.S. census data.<ref name="factfinder.census.gov">{{cite web |publisher= Factfinder.census.gov |url= http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US01&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |title= Alabama—Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2006–2008 |access-date= October 24, 2010 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20200211182250/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US01&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false |archive-date= February 11, 2020 |url-status= dead}}</ref> The Scots-Irish were the largest non-English immigrant group from the British Isles before the American Revolution, and many settled in the South, later moving into the Deep South as it was developed.<ref>David Hackett Fischer, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, New York: Oxford University Press, 1989, pp.361–368</ref>

In 1984, under the Davis–Strong Act, the state legislature established the [[Alabama Indian Affairs Commission]].<ref name="aiac">[http://www.aiac.state.al.us/tribes.aspx "Alabama Indian Affairs Commission"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003045646/http://www.aiac.state.al.us/tribes.aspx |date=October 3, 2013}}, State of Alabama, accessed September 28, 2013</ref> Indigenous groups within the state had increasingly been demanding recognition as ethnic groups and seeking an end to discrimination. Given the long history of slavery and associated racial segregation, the Native American or American Indian peoples, who have sometimes been of mixed race, have insisted on having their cultural identification respected. In the past, their self-identification was often overlooked as the state tried to impose a binary breakdown of society into white and black. The state has [[State-recognized tribes in the United States|officially recognized]] nine American Indian tribes in the state, descended mostly from the [[Five Civilized Tribes]] of the American Southeast. These are the following.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aiac.alabama.gov/ByLaws.aspx |title=AIAC Bylaws |website=Alabama Indian Affairs Commission |publisher=State of Alabama |access-date=September 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918101025/http://aiac.alabama.gov/ByLaws.aspx |archive-date=September 18, 2012 |df= mdy}}</ref>
{{div col}}
* [[Poarch Band of Creek Indians]] (who also have federal recognition)
* [[MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians]]
* Star Clan of Muscogee Creeks
* [[Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama]]
* [[Cherokee Tribe of Northeast Alabama]]
* Cher-O-Creek Intra Tribal Indians
* ''Ma-Chis'' Lower Creek Indian Tribe
* ''Piqua'' [[Shawnee]] Tribe
* ''Ani-Yun-Wiya'' Nation
{{div col end}}

The state government has promoted recognition of American Indian contributions to the state, including the designation in 2000 for Columbus Day to be jointly celebrated as American Indian Heritage Day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aiac.state.al.us/ProcIndianHeritageDay.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003045701/http://www.aiac.state.al.us/ProcIndianHeritageDay.aspx|url-status= dead|title=Proclamation|archive-date=October 3, 2013|website=www.aiac.state.al.us}}</ref> In 2020, 33,625 identified as being Native American alone, and 97,405 did in combination with one or more other races.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census |url=https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |access-date=October 7, 2021 |archive-date=August 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815165418/https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/race-and-ethnicity-in-the-united-state-2010-and-2020-census.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Language ===
According to the 2022 [[American Community Survey]]'s estimates, approximately 94% of Alabamans speak English as their sole language, while 6% spoke a language other than English.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 ACS Language Statistics |url=https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2023.S1601?q=Alabama%20languages |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> Of other languages, the majority of its multilingual population speaks [[Spanish language|Spanish]] (3.8%). In a separate 2021 study by the [[American University Washington College of Law]], Spanish was spoken by 156,656 residents.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Alabama Demographics |url=https://niwaplibrary.wcl.american.edu/wp-content/uploads/Demographics_Alabama-9.27.2023.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=American University Washington College of Law |archive-date=July 19, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240719203521/https://niwaplibrary.wcl.american.edu/wp-content/uploads/Demographics_Alabama-9.27.2023.pdf }}</ref> Following, [[Korean language|Korean]], [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]], [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] and [[Cantonese]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], and [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] were the most-spoken languages; among its French-speaking population, the majority have preserved their language since French colonization.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thiery |first=Clément |date=2017-06-08 |title=300 Years of French Culture in Alabama |url=https://france-amerique.com/300-years-of-french-culture-in-alabama/ |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=France-Amérique |language=en-US |archive-date=August 3, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803001442/https://france-amerique.com/300-years-of-french-culture-in-alabama/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:Highlands UMC Birmingham Dec 2012 2.jpg|thumb|Highlands United Methodist Church in Birmingham, part of the Five Points South Historic District]]
[[File:Temple B'Nai Sholom Dec2009 01.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Temple B'nai Sholom (Huntsville, Alabama)|Temple B'Nai Sholom]] in Huntsville, established in 1876. It is the oldest synagogue building in continuous use in the state.]]
[[File:Islamic Center of Tuscaloosa.jpg|thumb|upright|The Islamic Center of Tuscaloosa]]
{{Further|topic=Christianity in Alabama|History of Baptists in Alabama|List of Baptist churches in Alabama|Episcopal Diocese of Alabama|Episcopal Diocese of the Central Gulf Coast|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mobile|Roman Catholic Diocese of Birmingham in Alabama|The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Alabama}}

Pre-colonial and present-day Alabamans have adhered to multiple religions including [[Native American religions|Native American]] and [[African diaspora religions]], and predominantly [[Christianity in the United States|Christianity]] with the establishment of [[Spanish missions in Florida]]. Other faiths including [[Judaism]], [[Islam in the United States|Islam]], and [[Indian religions]] were introduced since European colonization and American settlement. According to a 2023 [[Public Religion Research Institute]] survey, an estimated 80% of the adult population were Christian.<ref>{{Cite web |title=American Values Atlas |url=https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2023/States/religion1/m/US-AL |access-date=2024-12-01 |website=Public Religion Research Institute |archive-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170404161714/https://ava.prri.org/#religious/2023/States/religion1/m/US-AL |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the 2008 [[American Religious Identification Survey]], 86% of Alabama respondents reported their religion as Christian, including 6% Catholic, with 11% as having no religion.<ref name="ARIS2008">{{cite web |url=http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |title=American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008 |author1=Barry A. Kosmin |author2=Ariela Keysar |year=2009 |publisher=Trinity College |location=Hartford, Connecticut, US |page=20 |access-date=May 8, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407053149/http://b27.cc.trincoll.edu/weblogs/AmericanReligionSurvey-ARIS/reports/ARIS_Report_2008.pdf |archive-date=April 7, 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The composition of other traditions is 0.5% Mormon, 0.5% Jewish, 0.5% Muslim, 0.5% Buddhist, and 0.5% Hindu.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://religions.pewforum.org/maps |title=Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics—Pew Research Center |date=May 11, 2015 |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |access-date=July 21, 2015 |archive-date=July 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707085300/http://religions.pewforum.org/maps |url-status=live}}</ref>

Alabama is located in the middle of the [[Bible Belt]], a region of numerous [[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christians. Alabama has been identified as one of the most religious states in the United States, with about 58% of the population attending church regularly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060502/news_lz1n2thelist.html |title=Church or synagogue attendance by state |website=The San Diego Union-Tribune |access-date=July 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513103435/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060502/news_lz1n2thelist.html |archive-date=May 13, 2012}}</ref> A majority of people in the state identify as Evangelical Protestant. {{as of|2010}}, the three largest denominational groups in Alabama are the [[Southern Baptist Convention]], [[The United Methodist Church]], and [[Nondenominational Christianity|non-denominational]] Evangelical Protestant.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/01/rcms2010_01_state_name_2010.asp |publisher=The Association of Religion Data Archives |title=State membership Report |access-date=November 7, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012074403/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/01/rcms2010_01_state_name_2010.asp |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In Alabama, the Southern Baptist Convention has the highest number of adherents with 1,380,121; this is followed by the United Methodist Church with 327,734 adherents, non-denominational Evangelical Protestant with 220,938 adherents, and the Catholic Church with 150,647 adherents. Many Baptist and Methodist congregations became established in the [[Great Awakening]] of the early 19th century, when preachers proselytized across the South. The [[Assemblies of God]] had almost 60,000 members, the [[Churches of Christ]] had nearly 120,000 members. The [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian churches]], strongly associated with Scots-Irish immigrants of the 18th century and their descendants, had a combined membership around 75,000 ([[Presbyterian Church in America|PCA]]—28,009 members in 108 congregations, [[Presbyterian Church (USA)|PC(USA)]]—26,247 members in 147 congregations,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/01/rcms2010_01_state_name_2010.asp |publisher=The Association of Religion Data Archives |title=Maps & Reports |access-date=July 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012074403/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/01/rcms2010_01_state_name_2010.asp |archive-date=October 12, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church]]—6,000 members in 59 congregations, the [[Cumberland Presbyterian Church in America]]—5,000 members and fifty congregations plus the [[Edgewater Presbyterian Church|EPC]] and Associate Reformed Presbyterians with 230 members and nine congregations).<ref name="thearda">{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/01_2000.asp |title=State Membership Reports |year=2000 |access-date=June 15, 2010 |publisher=thearda.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829192301/http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/01_2000.asp |archive-date=August 29, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian [[Gospel]]s. Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning.<ref>{{cite news |first=Kirsten |last=Campbell |work=Mobile Register |title=Alabama rates well in biblical literacy |date=March 25, 2007 |page=A1 |publisher=Advance Publications, Inc}}</ref> In a 2007 poll, 92% of Alabamians reported having at least some confidence in churches in the state.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.myaea.org/PDFfile/Confidence+in+State+Institutions07.pdf |title=Confidence in State and Local Institutions Survey |publisher=Capital Survey Research Center |access-date=June 2, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614184507/http://www.myaea.org/PDFfile/Confidence%20in%20State%20Institutions07.pdf |archive-date=June 14, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=David |last=White |title=Poll says we feel good about state Trust in government, unlike some institutions, hasn't fallen |date=April 1, 2007 |work=Birmingham News |page=13A}}</ref>

Although in much smaller numbers, many other religious faiths are represented in the state as well, including Judaism, [[Islam]], [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]], the [[Baháʼí Faith]], and [[Unitarian Universalism]].<ref name="thearda"/>

Jews have been present in what is now Alabama since 1763, during the colonial era of Mobile, when [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic Jews]] immigrated from London.<ref name="shomayim">{{cite book |title=The Gates of Heaven : Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim, the first 150 years, Mobile, Alabama, 1844–1994 |last=Zietz |first=Robert |year=1994 |publisher=Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim|location=Mobile, Alabama |pages=1–7}}</ref> The oldest Jewish congregation in the state is [[Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim (Mobile, Alabama)|Congregation Sha'arai Shomayim]] in Mobile. It was formally recognized by the state legislature on January 25, 1844.<ref name="shomayim"/> Later immigrants in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries tended to be [[Ashkenazi Jews]] from eastern Europe. Jewish denominations in the state include two [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], four [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative]], ten [[Reform Judaism|Reform]], and one [[Humanistic Judaism|Humanistic]] synagogue.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kosherdelight.com/USA/Alabama/AlabamaSynagogues.shtml |title=Synagogues in Alabama |publisher=Kosher Delight |access-date=September 8, 2012 |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117053313/http://www.kosherdelight.com/USA/Alabama/AlabamaSynagogues.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>

Muslims have been increasing in Alabama, with 31 mosques built by 2011, many by African-American converts.<ref name="2011muslim">{{cite news |title=Survey: U.S. Muslims grow by 30 percent since 2000 |author=Kay Campbell |url=http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2012/02/survey_us_muslims_grow_by_30_p.html |newspaper=The Huntsville Times |date=February 29, 2012 |access-date=September 8, 2012 |archive-date=July 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120719215839/http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2012/02/survey_us_muslims_grow_by_30_p.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Several Hindu temples and cultural centers in the state have been founded by Indian immigrants and their descendants, the best-known being the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir in Birmingham, the Hindu Temple and Cultural Center of Birmingham in [[Pelham, Alabama|Pelham]], the Hindu Cultural Center of North Alabama in [[Capshaw, Alabama|Capshaw]], and the Hindu Mandir and Cultural Center in Tuscaloosa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.garamchai.com/templesSE.htm |title=Hindu Temples in the South East: catering to the needs of NRI and Indians in US |website=GaramChai |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120922084948/http://www.garamchai.com/templesSE.htm |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hindumandir.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=42 |title=History of Hindu Mandir & Cultural Center |website=Hindu Mandir & Cultural Center |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117053326/http://hindumandir.cc/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=42 |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

There are six [[Dharma centre|Dharma centers]] and organizations for [[Theravada]] Buddhists.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manjushri.com/Centers/alabama.htm |title=Dharma Centers and Organizations in Alabama |website=Manjushri Buddhist Community |publisher=AcuMaestro |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117053327/http://www.manjushri.com/Centers/alabama.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Most monastic Buddhist temples are concentrated in southern Mobile County, near [[Bayou La Batre, Alabama|Bayou La Batre]]. This area has attracted an [[Indochina refugee crisis|influx of refugees from Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam]] during the 1970s and thereafter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/projects/katrina/Gaillard.html |title=After the Storms: Tradition and Change in Bayou La Batre |author=Frye Gaillard |date=December 2007 |website=Journal of American History |publisher=Organization of American Historians |access-date=September 22, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121201013011/http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/projects/katrina/Gaillard.html |archive-date=December 1, 2012}}</ref> The four temples within a ten-mile radius of Bayou La Batre, include Chua Chanh Giac, Wat Buddharaksa, and Wat Lao Phoutthavihan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.al.com/living-press-register/2011/10/for_vietnamese_buddhists_in_so.html |title=For Vietnamese Buddhists in South Alabama, A Goddess of Mercy Is A Powerful Figure |author=Roy Hoffman |newspaper=Press-Register |date=October 22, 2011 |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117144248/http://blog.al.com/living-press-register/2011/10/for_vietnamese_buddhists_in_so.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.al.com/living-press-register/2009/08/a_welcome_gateway_to_the_far_e.html |title=A Welcome Gateway to the Far East |author=Debbie M. Lord |newspaper=Press-Register |date=August 29, 2009 |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=November 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121119120248/http://blog.al.com/living-press-register/2009/08/a_welcome_gateway_to_the_far_e.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://blog.al.com/live/2012/05/buddhist_monk_killed_temple_le.html |title=Buddhist Monk Killed Temple Leader During Argument Over Food, Prosecutor Says |author=Katherine Sayre |newspaper=Press-Register |date=May 17, 2012 |access-date=September 22, 2012 |archive-date=November 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117013740/http://blog.al.com/live/2012/05/buddhist_monk_killed_temple_le.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

The first community of adherents of the Baháʼí Faith in Alabama was founded in 1896 by Paul K. Dealy, who moved from Chicago to Fairhope. Baháʼí centers in Alabama exist in Birmingham, Huntsville, and [[Florence, Alabama|Florence]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.shoalsbahais.com/About-Us.html |title=Bahais of the Shoals |website=shoalsbahais.com |access-date=July 21, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511002203/http://www.shoalsbahais.com/About-Us.html |archive-date=May 11, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Health ===
In 2018, life expectancy in Alabama was 75.1 years, below the national average of 78.7 years and is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy|third lowest life expectancy]] in the country. Factors that can cause lower life expectancy are maternal mortality, suicide, and gun crimes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Here are which states have the longest life expectancies — and which have the shortest |url=https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/which-states-longest-life-expectancies-shortest-life-expectancies-160420160.html |website=Yahoo |access-date=March 11, 2021 |date=March 11, 2021 |archive-date=March 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210311225343/https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/which-states-longest-life-expectancies-shortest-life-expectancies-160420160.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

A [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] study in 2008 showed that obesity in Alabama is a problem, with most counties having more than 29% of adults obese, except for ten which had a rate between 26% and 29%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheets/countylvlestimates.htm |title=County Level Estimates of Obesity—State Maps |year=2008 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331230945/http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/factsheets/countylvlestimates.htm |archive-date=March 31, 2014}}</ref> Residents of the state, along with those in five other states, were least likely in the nation to be physically active during leisure time.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/p0216_physicalinactivity.html |title=Highest Rates of Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity in Appalachia and South |year=2008 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |access-date=September 8, 2017 |archive-date=July 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707145314/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2011/p0216_physicalinactivity.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Alabama, and the southeastern U.S. in general, has one of the highest incidences of adult onset [[Type 2 diabetes|diabetes]] in the country, exceeding 10% of adults.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDTSTRS/Index.aspx?stateId=1&state=Alabama&cat=prevalence&Data=data&view=TO&trend=prevalence&id=1 |title=Alabama—Percentage of Adults(aged 18 years or older) with Diagnosed Diabetes, 1994–2010 |year=2010 |publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018105633/http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDTSTRS/Index.aspx?stateId=1&state=Alabama&cat=prevalence&Data=data&view=TO&trend=prevalence&id=1 |archive-date=October 18, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_STRS2/NationalDiabetesPrevalenceEstimates.aspx?mode=DBT |title=CDC national chart on diabetes |publisher=Apps.nccd.cdc.gov |access-date=June 1, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015110228/http://apps.nccd.cdc.gov/DDT_STRS2/NationalDiabetesPrevalenceEstimates.aspx?mode=DBT |archive-date=October 15, 2011}}</ref>