Editing Al-Qaeda (section)

== Name ==
The English name of the organization is a simplified [[Romanization of Arabic|transliteration]] of the Arabic noun ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|al-qāʿidah}}'' ({{wikt-lang|ar|القاعدة}}), which means "the foundation" or "the base". The initial ''al-'' is the Arabic [[definite article]] "the", hence "the base".<ref>Arabic Computer Dictionary: English-Arabic, Arabic-English By Ernest Kay, Multi-lingual International Publishers, 1986.</ref> In Arabic, ''al-Qaeda'' has four syllables ({{IPA|/alˈqaː.ʕi.da/}}).<!--This is a phonemic transcription that differs somewhat from the transcription system described at [[Help:IPA for Arabic]].--> However, since two of the Arabic consonants in the name are not [[phone (phonetics)|phones]] found in the English language, the common naturalized [[English phonology|English pronunciations]] include {{IPAc-en|æ|l|ˈ|k|aɪ|d|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|æ|l|ˈ|k|eɪ|d|ə}} and {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|k|ɑː|ˈ|iː|d|ə}}. Al-Qaeda's name can also be [[transliteration|transliterated]] as ''al-Qaida'', ''al-Qa'ida'', or ''el-Qaida''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ibb7.ibb.gov/pronunciations/sounds/2930.ra|title=Listen to the U.S. pronunciation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051211020849/http://ibb7.ibb.gov/pronunciations/sounds/2930.ra|archive-date=December 11, 2005|format=[[RealPlayer]]}}</ref>

The doctrinal concept of "''al-Qaeda''" was first coined by the [[Palestinians|Palestinian]] [[Islamism|Islamist]] scholar and [[Jihadism|Jihadist]] leader [[Abdullah Yusuf Azzam|Abdullah Azzam]] in an April 1988 issue of ''Al-Jihad'' magazine to describe a religiously committed vanguard of Muslims who wage armed ''[[Jihad]]'' globally to liberate oppressed [[Muslims]] from foreign invaders, establish ''[[sharia]]'' (Islamic law) across the [[Muslim world|Islamic World]] by overthrowing the ruling [[Secular state|secular governments]]; and thus restore the past Islamic prowess. This was to be implemented by establishing an [[Islamic state]] that would nurture generations of Muslim soldiers that would perpetually attack United States and its allied governments in the Muslim World. Numerous historical models were cited by Azzam as successful examples of his call; starting from the [[early Muslim conquests]] of the 7th century to the recent [[Anti-Sovietism|anti-Soviet]] [[Mujahideen|Afghan Jihad]] of the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Haniff Hassan|first=Muhammad|title=The Father of Jihad: 'Abd Allah 'Azzam's Jihad Ideas and Implications to National Security|publisher=Imperial College Press|year=2014|isbn=978-1-78326-287-8|location=London|pages=133–134}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Aboul–Enein|first=Youssef|date=January 1, 2008|title=The Late Sheikh Abdullah Azzam's Books: Part III: Radical Theories on Defending Muslim Land through Jihad|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05601|publisher=Combating Terrorism Center|access-date=August 4, 2022|archive-date=August 31, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220831200647/https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep05601|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Paz 2001">{{Cite web|last=Paz|first=Reuven|year=2001|title=The Brotherhood of Global Jihad|url=https://old.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/books/global/paz.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220804141316/https://old.satp.org/satporgtp/publication/books/global/paz.htm#4|archive-date=August 4, 2022|website=SATP|access-date=August 4, 2022|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> According to Azzam's world-view: <blockquote>It is about time to think about a state that would be a solid base for the distribution of the (Islamic) creed, and a fortress to host the preachers from the hell of the ''[[Jahiliyyah]]'' [the pre-Islamic period].<ref name="Paz 2001"/></blockquote>

Bin Laden explained the origin of the term in a videotaped interview with [[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] journalist [[Tayseer Alouni]] in October 2001:
{{blockquote|The name 'al-Qaeda' was established a long time ago by mere chance. The late [[Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri|Abu Ebeida El-Banashiri]] established the training camps for our ''mujahedeen'' against Russia's terrorism. We used to call the training camp al-Qaeda. The name stayed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/02/05/binladen.transcript/index.html|title=Transcript of Bin Laden's October interview|publisher=CNN|date=February 5, 2002|access-date=October 22, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061206081331/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/02/05/binladen.transcript/index.html|archive-date=December 6, 2006|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}

It has been argued that two documents seized from the [[Sarajevo]] office of the [[Benevolence International Foundation]] prove the name was not simply adopted by the ''mujahideen'' movement and that a group called al-Qaeda was established in August 1988. Both of these documents contain minutes of meetings held to establish a new military group, and contain the term "al-Qaeda".<ref>{{Harvnb|Bergen|2006|p=75}}. Wright indirectly quotes one of the documents, based on an exhibit from the "Tareek Osama" document presented in <span class="plainlinks">[http://fl1.findlaw.com/news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/bif/usarnaout10603prof.pdf ''United States v. Enaam M. Arnaout''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203110416/http://fl1.findlaw.com/news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/bif/usarnaout10603prof.pdf |date=February 3, 2016 }}</span>.</ref>

Former British Foreign Secretary [[Robin Cook]] wrote that the word al-Qaeda should be translated as "the database", because it originally referred to the computer file of the thousands of ''mujahideen'' militants who were recruited and trained with CIA help to defeat the Russians.<ref>{{cite news|first1=Robin|last1=Cook|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/jul/08/july7.development|title=Robin Cook: The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means|work=The Guardian|location=UK|date=July 8, 2005|access-date=May 8, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514051125/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/jul/08/july7.development|archive-date=May 14, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2002, the group assumed the name ''Qa'idat al-Jihad'' ({{lang|ar|قاعدة الجهاد}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|qāʿidat al-jihād}}''), which means "the base of Jihad". According to [[Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies|Diaa Rashwan]], this was "apparently as a result of the merger of the overseas branch of Egypt's [[Egyptian Islamic Jihad|al-Jihad]], which was led by [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], with the groups Bin Laden brought under his control after his return to Afghanistan in the mid-1990s."<ref>"[http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/619/op13.htm After Mombasa] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514233523/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2003/619/op13.htm |date=May 14, 2013 }}", ''[[Al-Ahram Weekly|Al-Ahram Weekly Online]]'', January 2–8, 2003 (Issue No. 619). Retrieved September 3, 2006.</ref>