Editing Adolescence (section)

=== Inhibition ===
Related to their increased tendency for risk-taking, adolescents show impaired behavioral inhibition, including deficits in [[Extinction (psychology)|extinction learning]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=McCallum |first1=Jessica |last2=Kim |first2=Jee Hyun |last3=Richardson |first3=Rick |title=Impaired Extinction Retention in Adolescent Rats: Effects of D-Cycloserine |journal=Neuropsychopharmacology |date=September 2010 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=2134–2142 |doi=10.1038/npp.2010.92 |pmid=20592716 |pmc=3055297 }}</ref> This has important implications for engaging in risky behavior such as [[Safe sex|unsafe sex]] or illicit drug use, as adolescents are less likely to inhibit actions that may have negative outcomes in the future.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Spear |first1=Linda Patia |title=Adolescent Neurodevelopment |journal=Journal of Adolescent Health |date=February 2013 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=S7–S13 |doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.05.006 |pmid=23332574 |pmc=3982854 }}</ref> This phenomenon also has consequences for behavioral treatments based on the principle of extinction, such as cue exposure therapy for anxiety or [[drug addiction]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Jee Hyun |last2=Richardson |first2=Rick |title=New Findings on Extinction of Conditioned Fear Early in Development: Theoretical and Clinical Implications |journal=Biological Psychiatry |date=February 2010 |volume=67 |issue=4 |pages=297–303 |doi=10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.09.003 |pmid=19846065 |s2cid=33444381 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Jee Hyun |last2=Ganella |first2=Despina E |title=A Review of Preclinical Studies to Understand Fear During Adolescence |journal=Australian Psychologist |date=1 February 2015 |volume=50 |issue=1 |pages=25–31 |doi=10.1111/ap.12066 |s2cid=142760996 }}</ref> It has been suggested that impaired inhibition, specifically extinction, may help to explain adolescent propensity to relapse to drug-seeking even following behavioral treatment for addiction.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zbukvic |first1=Isabel C. |last2=Ganella |first2=Despina E. |last3=Perry |first3=Christina J. |last4=Madsen |first4=Heather B. |last5=Bye |first5=Christopher R. |last6=Lawrence |first6=Andrew J. |last7=Kim |first7=Jee Hyun |title=Role of Dopamine 2 Receptor in Impaired Drug-Cue Extinction in Adolescent Rats |journal=Cerebral Cortex |date=June 2016 |volume=26 |issue=6 |pages=2895–2904 |doi=10.1093/cercor/bhw051 |pmid=26946126 |pmc=4869820 }}</ref>