Editing 1964 New York World's Fair (section)

=== 1965 season ===
[[File:US NY NYC 1964-65 Worlds Fair Transportation and Travel Pavilion and Port Authority Heliport (processed 06-1965) 23 CE Family Coll (51910456830).jpg|thumb|alt=In a misty aerial view, a large building, a major road, a helipad, and two colored domes are visible.|Aerial view of the Transportation and Travel Pavilion and Port Authority Heliport]]

More than 150,000 people attended the reopening of the fair on April 21, 1965.<ref name="Alden 1965n">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=April 22, 1965 |title=158,000 Open the Fair's Second Year; Paid Admissions Are 3 Times More Than First Day's in '64 158,000, Half of Them Children, Attend World's Fair on Crisp, Sunny Opening Day |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/22/archives/158000-open-the-fairs-second-year-paid-admissions-are-3-times-more.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516213745/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/22/archives/158000-open-the-fairs-second-year-paid-admissions-are-3-times-more.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Maureen |date=April 22, 1965 |title=The Natives Return—They're Hardy Lot |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-the-natives-re/147516845/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516213738/https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-the-natives-re/147516845/ |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=Newsday |pages=91  |issn=2574-5298}}</ref><ref name="Samuel pp. 73–74">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|pages=73–74}}</ref> The Ethiopian long-distance runners [[Abebe Bikila]] and [[Mamo Wolde]] participated in a ceremonial [[half marathon]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Phillips |first=McCandlish |date=April 22, 1965 |title=Lo, A Magic City Awakens and Wizard Rejoices; People Flock in to the Music of Clicking Turnstiles But for a Moment a Cannon Seems to Fire at Them |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/22/archives/lo-a-magic-city-awakens-and-wizard-rejoices-people-flock-in-to-the.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news|date=1965-04-21|title=Moses's Fair is the World's Again|first=Robert|last=Caro|url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-mosess-fair-i/153757767/|access-date=2024-08-22|work=Newsday|issn=2574-5298|via=newspapers.com|pages=3, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-mosess-fair-i/153757824/ 106]}}</ref> running from [[Central Park]] in Manhattan to [[Singer Bowl]] at the fairground.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=April 21, 1965 |title=The Fair Resumes Today With Many New Exhibits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/21/archives/the-fair-resumes-today-with-many-new-exhibits-the-worlds-fair.html |access-date=May 31, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Unlike the 1964 opening ceremony, no protests occurred at the fair's reopening,<ref name="Samuel pp. 73–74" /> and almost all exhibits were completed on time.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=April 28, 1965 |title=Vaudeville: Delayed Openings Of Some Exhibs At World's Fair |magazine=Variety |pages=53 |volume=238 |issue=10 |id={{ProQuest|1017114843}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=April 21, 1965 |title=Show's Ready – Except For New Exhibits |work=Newsday |page=3 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914422823}}}}</ref> For the 1965 season, adult admission fees were raised to $2.50 ({{Inflation|US|2.50|1965|r=2|fmt=eq|cursign=$}}).<ref name="nyt19650113" /><ref name="The Christian Science Monitor 1965" /><ref name="Samuel pp. 63–64; Tirella p. 273" /> During the first 20 days of the 1965 season, attendance declined 22 percent compared with the same time period in 1964,<ref>{{cite news |date=May 11, 1965 |title=World's Fair Attendance Still Falling |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=2 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|155183856}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=May 11, 1965 |title=Fair Attendance Is 22% Lower Than in First 20 Days Last Year |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/11/archives/fair-attendance-is-22-lower-than-in-first-20-days-last-year-fair.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> putting many exhibitors at risk of bankruptcy.<ref name="nyt-1965-05-13">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=May 13, 1965 |title=Fair's Financial Woes; Experts Say Debts Are Reaching Critical Stage as Attendance Lags |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/13/archives/fairs-financial-woes-experts-say-debts-are-reaching-critical-stage.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> In addition, fewer visitors were paying at the gates because more than half of them carried advance tickets.<ref name="nyt-1965-05-13" /> Exhibitors requested a reduction in admission fees,<ref name="Newsday 1965a" /><ref>{{cite news |date=May 7, 1965 |title=People Want Cut in Fair Admission Price |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914454238}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |date=May 6, 1965 |title=Pavilions Ask Cut in Fair Admission; International Group Calls for Immediate Action |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/06/archives/pavilions-ask-gut-in-fair-admission-international-group-calls-for.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and that a reduced-price evening admission ticket be sold.<ref name="Samuel p. 75">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=75}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=March 23, 1965 |title=Lower Night Fee at Fair Debated; More Directors Press for Cut in Admission Charge |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/03/23/archives/lower-night-fee-at-fair-debated-more-directors-press-for-cut-in.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Moses refused both proposals,<ref name="Samuel p. 75" /><ref>{{cite news |date=May 28, 1965 |title=Pennyweight Fight: Exhibitors Vs. Fair |work=Newsday |page=5 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914441233}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=May 28, 1965 |title=Fair Bars a Cut in Its $2.50 Price; Some Foreign Concessions Threaten Boycott in Face of Lagging Attendance |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/28/archives/fair-bars-a-cut-in-its-250-price-some-foreign-concessions-threaten.html |access-date=May 23, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and several exhibitors threatened to close their pavilions before retracting.<ref name="Samuel p. 75" /><ref name="nyt-1965-05-29">{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |date=May 29, 1965 |title=Foreign Exhibits Bar Fair Closings; They Agree Not to Protest Over Rebuff on Price Cut |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/29/archives/foreign-exhibits-bar-fair-closings-they-agree-not-to-protest-over.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

At the beginning of the 1965 season, there were issues such as race-related protests,<ref name="Samuel pp. 76–77; Tirella pp. 294–295">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|pages=76–77}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=294–295}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=April 26, 1965 |title=100 CORE Pickets at Fair Challenged by Youths |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/26/archives/100-core-pickets-at-fair-challenged-by-youths-100-core-pickets-in.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Vietnam War protests,<ref name="Samuel p. 78" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |date=June 6, 1965 |title=Fairgoers Ignore a Peace Protest; Students Giving Pamphlets on Vietnam Are Unnoticed |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/06/archives/fairgoers-ignore-a-peace-protest-students-giving-pamphlets-on.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> a controversy over a racially insensitive song in one pavilion,<ref name="Samuel pp. 76–77; Tirella pp. 294–295" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=June 2, 1965 |title=N.A.A.C.P. Wins Bid To Have 'Dem' Taken From Pavilion Song |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/02/archives/naacp-wins-bid-to-have-dem-taken-from-pavilion-song.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and disputes between Jewish and Arab exhibitors.<ref name="Samuel pp. 76–77; Tirella pp. 294–295" /><ref name="nyt-1965-05-02">{{Cite news |last=Long |first=Tania |date=May 2, 1965 |title=Fair Arabs Spurn Kosher Luncheon; U.S.-Israeli Pavilion Pickets Confronted With Food Offer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/02/archives/fair-arabs-spurn-kosher-luncheon-usisraeli-pavilion-pickets.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Vandalism also increased due to the reduced police presence,<ref>{{cite news |last=Ferretti |first=Fred |date=May 31, 1965 |title=Vandalism Increases at New York World's Fair: Economies Result in Police Cut, Rise in Violence, Rowdyism, Reporter Says |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=10 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|155207539}}}}</ref> and a fairgoer was murdered that May.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dougherty |first=Philip H. |date=May 23, 1965 |title=Two Boys Arrested at Fair |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/05/23/archives/two-boys-arrested-at-fair-fairgoer-is-slain-outside-pavilion.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Samuel p. 78">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=78}}</ref> WFC officials also tried to invalidate their January 1964 agreement for disbursing the fair's profits,<ref name="nyt-1965-05-212" /> and exhibitors continued to lose money due to lower-than-expected attendance.<ref>{{cite magazine |date=June 2, 1965 |title=World's Fair Exhibs Still Jittery Despite Memorial Weekend Spurt |magazine=Variety |pages=1, 71 |volume=239 |issue=2 |id={{ProQuest|1017117090}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=June 1, 1965 |title=Fair Exhibitors Still in the Red; More Jammed Days Needed to Bring in the Profits |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/06/01/archives/fair-exhibitors-still-in-the-red-more-jammed-days-needed-to-bring.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Fewer visitors came during the evening,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=June 29, 1965 |title=Crowds Desert World's Fair at Night |work=The Atlanta Constitution |page=30 |id={{ProQuest|1557057345}}}}</ref> but the WFC again rejected a proposal for discounted evening admission in July 1965.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 9, 1965 |title=New York World's Fair Panel Rejects Admission-Price Cut |work=The Wall Street Journal |page=4 |issn=0099-9660 |id={{ProQuest|133000948}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=July 9, 1965 |title=Fair Rejects Bid to Cut $2.50 Fee; Motion by Screvane Urging $1 Admission in Evening Is Soundly Defeated |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/07/09/archives/fair-rejects-bid-to-cut-250-fee-motion-by-screvane-urging-1.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Despite increased attendance in mid-1965, the fair continued to record decreased revenue compared with 1964.<ref>{{cite news |date=July 2, 1965 |title=World's Fair Attendance Rises Sharply |work=Chicago Tribune |page=B17 |issn=1085-6706 |id={{ProQuest|180065924}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=August 2, 1965 |title=Fair Attendance Shows Sharp Rise; But Total Is Still 27% Below '64 Figure |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/02/archives/fair-attendance-shows-sharp-rise-but-total-is-still-27-below-64.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Many exhibitors recorded substantial losses from the costs of their pavilions.<ref name="nyt-1965-08-16">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=August 16, 1965 |title=Industries Wary of Future Fairs; Major Exhibitors Here Point to High Costs of Pavilions |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/16/archives/industries-wary-of-future-fairs-major-exhibitors-here-point-to-high.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> By August 1965, the WFC was preparing to clear the fairground after the fair,<ref name="nyt-1965-08-01">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=August 1, 1965 |title=Anybody Can Have Fair Pavilion Free |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/01/archives/anybody-can-have-fair-pavilion-free-pavilions-at-fair-are-offered.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Johnson 1965">{{cite news |last1=Johnson |first1=Thomas A. |last2=Schwartz |first2=Jack |date=August 3, 1965 |title=Fair Pavilions For Sale Free (Pretty Nearly) |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914378034}}}}</ref> though 13 exhibitors had declared bankruptcy and could not afford to demolish or move their pavilions.<ref name="nyt-1965-08-11">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=August 11, 1965 |title=A Legacy of Fair: Unwanted Relics; Exhibitors Are Required to Raze Pavilions, But 13 Have Gone Bankrupt |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/11/archives/a-legacy-of-fair-unwanted-relics-exhibitors-are-required-to-raze.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Beame's interim report, which was published at the end of August, found the WFC had squandered money by not awarding contracts through competitive bidding and by spending nearly everything it had on expenses it incurred before and during 1964.<ref>{{cite news |date=August 31, 1965 |title=Beame Raps Fair's Fiscal Policies |work=Newsday |page=1 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|915310376}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=September 1, 1965 |title=World's Fair Mismanaged, Beame Charges in Report; Says Audit Shows 'Poor Planning' and 'Improper Payments' – Moses Scoffs at Controller's 'Political Comment' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/09/01/archives/worlds-fair-mismanaged-beame-charges-in-report-says-audit-shows.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Samuel p. 79">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=79}}</ref> Despite Moses's denials of wrongdoing,<ref name="Samuel pp. 79–80; Tirella p. 313">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|pages=79–80}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=313}}</ref> Queens district attorney [[Frank D. O'Connor]] opened a criminal inquiry into the WFC shortly afterward.<ref>{{cite news |date=September 2, 1965 |title=O'Connor Joins the Let's-Probe-Fair Club |work=Newsday |page=98 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|915182149}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=September 2, 1965 |title=O'Connor Orders Inquiry Into the Fair |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/09/02/archives/oconnor-orders-inquiry-into-the-fair.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Moses installed highway signs promoting the fair and refused to remove them, even after city traffic commissioner [[Henry A. Barnes]] called the signs a safety hazard.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 11, 1965 |title=Barnes Withdraws In Battle of Signs But Is Still Fighting |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/09/11/archives/barnes-withdraws-in-battle-of-signs-but-is-still-fighting.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Samuel pp. 78–79; Tirella p. 313">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|pages=78–79}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|page=313}}</ref> By mid-September, estimates of the fair's total attendance had been reduced from 70 to 50 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Maureen |date=September 21, 1965 |title=Big Weekend Turnout Too Late to Save Fair |work=Newsday |page=21 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914412921}}}}</ref> By the end of September, the fair had recorded 17 million visitors during the 1965 season, less than half the number of visitors needed to break even. At this point, the WFC had barely enough money to pay its weekly expenses.<ref name="Caro p. 1112">{{harvnb|Caro|1974|ps=.|page=1112}}</ref>

Toward the end of the 1965 season, there was a sustained increase in attendance,<ref name="Samuel p. 82" /><ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Neill |first1=Maureen |last2=Smith |first2=Edward G. |date=October 11, 1965 |title=Now the Fair's In; That's the Way It Goes: The Last-Minute Rush Is On at the World's Fair |work=Newsday |page=4 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|964248996}} |postscript=none}}; {{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=October 11, 1965 |title=Record Crowds Rush to the Fair; New Attendance Mark Set As Sunday's Closing Nears |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/11/archives/record-crowds-rush-to-the-fair-new-attendance-mark-set-as-sundays.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and the fair recorded more than 250,000 daily visitors for three consecutive weeks.<ref name="Caro p. 1112" /> Exhibitors worried potential visitors would be dissuaded by the overcrowding.<ref name="nyt-1965-10-13">{{Cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=October 13, 1965 |title=Fair So Crowded Managers Worry; Pavilions Fear Long Waits in Final Days Stir Ill Will Instead of Goodwill |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/13/archives/fair-so-crowded-managers-worry-pavilions-fear-long-waits-in-final.html |access-date=June 4, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The architect and writer [[Robert A. M. Stern]] attributed the increase in attendance to a prevailing feeling the 1964 fair would be one of the last lavish world's fairs.<ref name="Stern (1995) p. 1055">{{harvnb|Stern|Mellins|Fishman|1995|ps=.|p=1055}}</ref> [[Pope Paul VI]] visited the fair on October 4, 1965, during the first-ever papal visit to the United States.<ref>{{cite web |last=Glass |first=Andrew |date=October 4, 1965 |title=Pope Paul VI Visits the U.S., Oct. 4, 1965 |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2012/10/this-day-in-politics-081968 |access-date=June 4, 2024 |website=POLITICO}}</ref> The fair closed on October 17, 1965,<ref name="Abrams 1965">{{cite news |last1=Abrams |first1=Arnold |last2=Smith |first2=Edward G. |date=October 18, 1965 |title=Drunks and Vandals Close the Fair: They Dig the World's Fair on Its Last Day |via=newspapers.com |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-drunks-and-van/149444310/ |work=Newsday |pages=5, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-drunks-and-van/149444344/ 79] |access-date=2024-06-16 |issn=2574-5298 |id={{ProQuest|914444914}} |postscript=none}}; {{cite news |last=Alden |first=Robert |date=October 18, 1965 |title=Vandalism Mars Last Day Of the Two-Year Exposition; Weeping Children, Sad Employes and Vandalism Abound as World's Fair Closes |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/18/archives/vandalism-mars-last-day-of-the-twoyear-exposition-weeping-children.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240516215354/https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/18/archives/vandalism-mars-last-day-of-the-twoyear-exposition-weeping-children.html |archive-date=May 16, 2024 |access-date=May 16, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="Samuel p. 83; Tirella pp. 320–321">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=|page=83}}; {{harvnb|Tirella|2013|ps=.|pages=320–321}}</ref> and recorded its highest-ever daily attendance of 446,953 on its final day.<ref name="Los Angeles Times 1965">{{cite news |date=October 18, 1965 |title=World's Fair Closes as Financial Flop |work=Los Angeles Times |pages=12 |issn=0458-3035 |id={{ProQuest|155292449}}}}</ref><ref name="Samuel p. 83; Tirella pp. 320–321" /> The fair's final day was chaotic, with reports of vandalism and theft.<ref name="Abrams 1965" /><ref name="Los Angeles Times 1965" /> In total, the fair had recorded 51,607,448 admissions,<ref name="Los Angeles Times 1965" /><ref name="Samuel p. 83">{{harvnb|Samuel|2007|ps=.|page=83}}</ref> seven million more than the 1939 fair and ten million more than [[Expo 58]].<ref name="Samuel p. 83" /><ref name=nyt-1965-10-17b>{{Cite news|last=Alden|first=Robert|date=October 17, 1965|title=Despite Controversies, Attendance Passes All Other Expositions; World's Fair, Closing Today, To Establish Record With More Than 51 Million Visitors in 2 Years|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/10/17/archives/despite-controversies-attendance-passes-all-other-expositions.html|access-date=June 5, 2024|work=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The GM and Vatican pavilions had been the most popular.<ref name="nyt-1965-10-17b" /> The fair had lost an additional $1&nbsp;million in 1965<ref name="nyt-1967-04-08">{{Cite news |last=Grutzner |first=Charles |date=April 8, 1967 |title=2d Year of Fair $1-Million In Red; Decreased Costs and Rise in Admission Fee Cut Loss |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/04/08/archives/2d-year-of-fair-1million-in-red-decreased-costs-and-rise-in.html |access-date=June 6, 2024 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> and had a deficit of up to $40&nbsp;million at its closing;<ref>{{cite magazine |date=October 15, 1965 |title=Color Ny World's Fair Red To Cool Tune Of $40 Million |magazine=Women's Wear Daily |pages=8 |volume=111 |issue=75 |id={{ProQuest|1523533780}}}}</ref> ''The New York Times'' partly attributed the fair's underperformance to Moses's stubborn attitude and refusal to take advice.<ref name="nyt-1965-10-17b" />