Editing 1960s (section)

====Asia====
=====China=====
* The [[Cultural Revolution]] (1966–1976) and the [[Sino-Soviet split]] (1961–1989)
**1966 marked the beginning of the Cultural Revolution that was launched by Mao Zedong and lasted until he died in 1976. The goal of the revolution was to preserve Chinese communism by purging Chinese society of its traditional and remaining capitalist elements. Though it failed to achieve its main objectives, the revolution marked the effective return of Mao to the center of power.
** Following Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev's removal from power in 1964, Sino-Soviet relations devolved into [[Sino-Soviet split|open hostility]]. The Chinese were deeply disturbed by the Soviet suppression of the [[Prague Spring]] in 1968 as the latter now claimed the right to intervene in any country it saw as deviating from the correct path of socialism. In March 1969, armed clashes took place along the [[China–Russia border|Sino-Soviet border]] in the former Manchuria and this finally drove the Chinese to restore relations with the U.S. as Mao Zedong decided that the Soviet Union posed the bigger threat to China.

=====India=====
* A literary and cultural movement started in [[Kolkata|Calcutta]], [[Patna]] and other cities by a group of writers and painters who called themselves "Hungryalists", or members of the [[Hungry generation]]. The band of writers wanted to change virtually everything and were arrested with several cases filed against them on various charges; they ultimately won these cases.<ref>{{cite book|author=Krishna Dutta|title=Calcutta: A Cultural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=59wfjyIIJAkC&pg=PA220|year=2008|publisher=Interlink Books|page=220|isbn=978-1-56656-721-3|access-date=10 October 2016|archive-date=27 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627142825/http://books.google.com/books?id=59wfjyIIJAkC&pg=PA220|url-status=live}}</ref>

=====Indonesia=====
* President [[Sukarno]] banned the [[Masyumi Party]] on 15 August 1960 and caused tension between the government and Islamist groups.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Akbarzadeh |first=Shahram |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8a8wefN4bd8C&q=political+islam+sukarno&pg=PA160 |title=Islam and Political Legitimacy |last2=Saeed |first2=Abdullah |date=2003-09-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-38056-5 |language=en}}</ref>
* The [[Transition to the New Order]] (1965–1968)
** In the early hours of 1 October 1965, [[30 September Movement|a group of army officers]] launched a coup d'état attempt in [[Jakarta]], assassinated six senior [[Indonesian Army]] generals and a junior army officer. They also seized [[Merdeka Square, Jakarta|Merdeka Square]] and proclaimed the establishment of "the Revolutionary Council" through a radio broadcast later in the morning, with [[Untung Syamsuri|Lieutenant Colonel Untung Syamsuri]] as its leader.
** On the same day, [[Suharto|Major General Suharto]] successfully persuaded the soldiers on Merdeka Square to join forces with the Indonesian [[Army Strategic Reserve Command]] divisions and launched a counterattack on the movement, ending the coup attempt. Three days later, the bodies of seven army officers were found buried in an old well in [[Lubang Buaya]] and the bodies were recovered.
** In the aftermath of the coup d'état attempt, the people blamed the attempt on the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], prompting a [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965-66|mass purge]] against leftists and communist sympathizers across the country. Around 500,000-1,000,000 casualties were massacred. The killings were mostly done by the locals with the help of the Army.
** Soon, mass demonstrations and protests from the [[KAMI (Indonesia)|Indonesian Students' Action Front]] against [[Guided Democracy in Indonesia|President Sukarno's government]] occurred. President Sukarno was notorious for his friendly approach towards the leftists, particularly the Communist Party of Indonesia.
** In the climax of the protests, President Sukarno signed the [[Supersemar]] on 11 March 1966, effectively transferring authority to Major General Suharto to restore order and ensure security in the country. On 12 March 1967, President Sukarno was stripped of his political power by the [[People's Consultative Assembly|Provisional People's Consultative Assembly]] (MPRS) and Major General Suharto became [[Acting presidency of Suharto|acting president]]. Later, he became president [[First inauguration of Suharto|formally]] on 27 March 1968. Sukarno lived under house arrest until his death in June 1970.

=====Japan and South Korea=====
* The [[Japanese economic miracle]] (1960s–1990s)
** Japan's remarkable economic growth between the post-[[World War II]] era and the end of the [[Cold War]]. During the economic boom, Japan rapidly became the world's [[Economic history of Japan|second-largest economy]] at the time (after the United States).
** In 1960, Japan was wracked by the massive [[Anpo protests]] against the revision of the [[Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan|U.S.-Japan Security Treaty]], resulting in the resignation of Prime Minister [[Nobusuke Kishi]]; Kishi's successor, [[Hayato Ikeda]], began implementing economic policies, known as the [[Income Doubling Plan]] removed most of Japan's anti-monopoly laws and promised to double the size of Japan's economy within 10 years. [[Eisaku Satō]] became Prime Minister of Japan four years later, succeeding Ikeda due to health issues.
** The [[1964 Summer Olympics]] were held in Japan, the first time the country hosted them and the first time that the [[Olympic Games]] were held in Asia. The world's first bullet train (the [[Tōkaidō Shinkansen]] between [[Tokyo Station]] and [[Shin-Ōsaka Station]]) commences operations; it is the oldest high-speed rail system in the world.
* The [[Second Republic of Korea|Second]] and [[Third Republic of Korea|Third Republics of Korea]] (1960–1972)
** The [[April Revolution]] were mass protests in [[South Korea]] against President [[Syngman Rhee]] and the [[First Republic of South Korea|First Republic]] from 11 to 26 April 1960, which led to Rhee's resignation. The Second Republic was established as a [[parliamentary system|parliamentary government]] under President [[Yun Bo-seon]] and Prime Minister [[Chang Myon]]. The Second Republic ended the First Republic, formed a liberal democracy, and formulated the first [[Five-Year Plans of South Korea|Five-Year Plans]] to develop the formerly-neglected economy.
** The [[May 16 coup]] and the establishment of the [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction|SCNR]], led by Major General [[Park Chung Hee]] on 16 May 1961, put an effective end to the Second Republic. Park was one of a group of military leaders who had been pushing for the de-politicization of the military.
** The [[Miracle on the Han River]] began with the [[Five-Year Plans of South Korea]], a series of economic development projects implemented by President Park Chung Hee. South Korea received US$800&nbsp;million from Japan under property claims and was mostly dependent on [[Aid|foreign aid]] (largely from the U.S. in exchange for South Korea's involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]).
** South Korea's first diplomatic relations with Japan were established under the Third Republic and [[Japan–South Korea relations|South Korea-Japan relations]] were normalized in the [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea|Treaty on Basic Relations]] signed on 22 July 1965 and in an agreement ratified on 14 August 1965. Japan agreed to provide a large amount of compensation, grants, and loans to South Korea and the two countries began economic and political cooperation.
[[File:Nasser making a speech in 1960.jpg|thumb|207x207px|[[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], African leader]]
[[File:Cordobazo.jpg|thumb|265x265px|[[Cordobazo]] uprising in [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], [[Argentina]] (1969)]]