Editing Zakat (section)

===Collection===
[[File:Zakat Donation Box in Taipei Mosque 20190519.jpg|thumb|Zakat [[donation box]] at [[Taipei Grand Mosque]] in [[Taipei]], Taiwan]]
Today, in most Muslim countries, Zakat is at the discretion of Muslims over how and whether to pay, typically enforced by [[fear of God]], [[peer pressure]], and an individual's personal feelings.<ref name="Marty-1996-p.320" /> Among the Sunni Muslims, Zakat committees, linked to a religious cause or local mosque, collect zakat.<ref name="Clark">{{cite book|author=Clark, Janine A.|title=Islam, charity, and activism: middle-class networks and social welfare in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen|publisher=Indiana University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-253-34306-2|page=153|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-11yRIVUsa4C&pg=PA153}}</ref> Among the Shia Muslims, deputies on behalf of Imams collect the zakat.<ref name=naserg/>

In six of the 47 Muslim-majority countries—Libya, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Yemen—zakat is obligatory and collected by the state.<ref name="Marty-1996-p.320">{{cite book|author1=Marty, Martin E. |author2=Appleby, R. Scott |name-list-style=amp |title=Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-226-50884-9|page=320|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&pg=PA320}}</ref><ref name=Hasan>{{cite book|author=Samiul Hasan|title=Human Security and Philanthropy: Islamic Perspectives and Muslim Majority Country Practices|publisher=Springer|year=2015|page=130|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-JVwCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA130|isbn=978-1493925254}}</ref><ref name=Behdad-Nomani>{{cite book|author1=Sohrab Behdad|author2=Farhad Nomani|title=Islam and the moral economy: the challenge of capitalism|publisher=Routledge|year=2006|page=268|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQWAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT268|isbn=978-1134206742}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Tripp, Charles|title=Islam and the Everyday World: Public Policy Dilemmas|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-86377-3|page=125|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hFhyZ28it0AC&pg=PA125}}</ref> In [[Jordan]], [[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Lebanon]], and [[Bangladesh]], the zakat is regulated by the state, but contributions are voluntary.<ref>{{cite book |author=Kogelmann, Franz |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Anai%3Adiva-205 |title=Social welfare in Muslim societies in Africa |publisher=Nordic Africa Institute |year=2002 |isbn=978-91-7106-481-3 |editor=Weiss, Holger |page=68 |chapter=Sidi Fredj: A Case Study of a Religious Endowment in Morocco under the French Protectorate |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-JcYwpJJs8oC&pg=PA68}}</ref>

The states where Zakat is compulsory differ in their definition of the base for zakat computation.<ref name=Behdad-Nomani/> Zakat is generally levied on livestock (except in Pakistan) and agricultural produce, although the types of taxable livestock and produce differ from country to country.<ref name=Behdad-Nomani/> Zakat is imposed on cash and precious metals in four countries with different methods of assessment.<ref name=Behdad-Nomani/> Income is subject to zakat in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, while only Sudan imposes zakat on "wealth that yields income".<ref name=Behdad-Nomani/> In Pakistan, property is exempt from the zakat calculation basis, and the compulsory zakat is primarily collected from the agriculture sector.<ref name=marty321>{{cite book|author1=Marty, Martin E. |author2=Appleby, R. Scott |name-list-style=amp |title=Fundamentalisms and the state: remaking polities, economies, and militance|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1996|isbn=978-0-226-50884-9|pages=320–321 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&pg=PA320}}</ref>

Under compulsory systems of zakat tax collection, such as Malaysia and Pakistan, evasion is very common and the zakat (alms tax) is [[regressive tax|regressive]].<ref name="Marty-1996-p.320" /> A considerable number of Muslims accept their duty to pay zakat, but deny that the state has a right to levy it, and they may pay zakat voluntarily while evading official collection.<ref name=Behdad-Nomani/> In discretion-based systems of collection, studies suggest zakat is collected from and paid only by a fraction of Muslim population who can pay.<ref name="Marty-1996-p.320" />

In the United Kingdom, which has a Muslim minority, more than three out of ten Muslims gave to charity (Zakat being described as "the Muslim practice of charitable donations"), according to a 2013 poll of 4000 people.<ref name=nbc>{{cite news|url=http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/22/19611201-muslims-give-more-to-charity-than-others-uk-poll-says?lite|title=Muslims give more to charity than others, UK poll says|publisher=nbcnews.com|date=22 July 2013|access-date=29 July 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726022928/http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/07/22/19611201-muslims-give-more-to-charity-than-others-uk-poll-says?lite|archive-date=26 July 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> According to the [[Self-report study|self-reported poll]], British Muslims, on average, gave US$567 to charity in 2013, compared to $412 for [[Jew]]s, $308 for [[Protestant]]s, $272 for [[Catholic]]s and $177 for [[atheist]]s.<ref name=nbc/>