Editing Ytterbium (section)

==History==
[[File:Galissard de Marignac.jpg|thumb|[[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]]]]
In 1878, Ytterbium [[discovery of the chemical elements|was discovered by]] the Swiss chemist [[Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac]]. While examining samples of [[gadolinite]], Marignac found a new component in the earth then known as [[erbia]], and he named it ytterbia, for [[Ytterby]], the Swedish village near where he found the new component of erbium. Marignac suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element that he called "ytterbium".<ref name="history" /><ref name="Enghag" /><ref name="Weeks">{{cite book |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements |date=1956 |publisher=Journal of Chemical Education |location=Easton, PA |url=https://archive.org/details/discoveryoftheel002045mbp |edition=6th }}</ref><ref name="XVI">{{cite journal |last1=Weeks |first1=Mary Elvira |title=The discovery of the elements. XVI. The rare earth elements |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=October 1932 |volume=9 |issue=10 |pages=1751 |doi=10.1021/ed009p1751 |bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1751W }}</ref><ref name="RSYtterbium">{{cite web |title=Ytterbium |url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/70/ytterbium |website=Royal Society of Chemistry|date= 2020 |access-date=4 January 2020}}</ref>

In 1907, the French chemist [[Georges Urbain]] separated Marignac's ytterbia into two components: ''neoytterbia'' and ''lutecia''. Neoytterbia later became known as the element ytterbium, and lutecia became known as the element [[lutetium]]. The Austrian chemist [[Carl Auer von Welsbach]] independently isolated these elements from ytterbia at about the same time, but he called them ''aldebaranium'' (''Ad''; after [[Aldebaran]]) and ''cassiopeium''.<ref name="history" /> The American chemist [[Charles James (chemist)|Charles James]] also independently isolated these elements at about the same time.<ref>{{cite web | title = {{sic|Separaton|nolink=y}} of Rare Earth Elements by Charles James | work = National Historic Chemical Landmarks | publisher = American Chemical Society | url = http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/earthelements.html | access-date = 2014-02-21 }}</ref> 

Urbain and Welsbach accused each other of publishing results based on the other party.<ref name="1st">{{cite journal|title=Un nouvel élément, le lutécium, résultant du dédoublement de l'ytterbium de Marignac|journal=Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des Sciences|volume=145|date=1908|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3099v/f759.table|pages=759–762|author=Urbain, M.G.|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="Fra">{{cite journal|title=Lutetium und Neoytterbium oder Cassiopeium und Aldebaranium – Erwiderung auf den Artikel des Herrn Auer v. Welsbach|date=1909|journal=Monatshefte für Chemie|volume=31|issue=10|doi=10.1007/BF01530262|first=G. |last=Urbain|page=1|s2cid=101825980|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1859372}}</ref><ref name="Deu">{{cite journal|title=Die Zerlegung des Ytterbiums in seine Elemente|journal=Monatshefte für Chemie|volume=29|issue=2|date=1908|doi=10.1007/BF01558944|pages=181–225|first=Carl A.|last=von Welsbach|s2cid=197766399|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2348610}}</ref> In 1909, the Commission on Atomic Mass, consisting of [[Frank Wigglesworth Clarke]], [[Wilhelm Ostwald]], and Georges Urbain, which was then responsible for the attribution of new element names, settled the dispute by granting priority to Urbain and adopting his names as official ones, based on the fact that the separation of lutetium from Marignac's ytterbium was first described by Urbain.<ref name="1st" /> After Urbain's names were recognized, ''neoytterbium'' was reverted to ''ytterbium''.

The chemical and physical properties of ytterbium could not be determined with any precision until 1953, when the first nearly pure ytterbium metal was produced by using [[ion-exchange]] processes.<ref name="history" /> The price of ytterbium was relatively stable between 1953 and 1998 at about US$1,000/kg.<ref>{{cite news| publisher = USGS| title =Rare-Earth Metals| author = Hedrick, James B. | access-date = 2009-06-06| url =http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/rare_earths/740798.pdf}}</ref>