Editing Xenophobia (section)

==== Mexico ====
{{Main|Racism in Mexico|The Chinese in Mexico|Chinese immigration to Mexico}}
Racism in Mexico has a long history.<ref>"[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CEEDF1330F932A25755C0A963958260&sec=&spon= The World; Racism? Mexico's in Denial.]", ''The New York Times'', 11 June 1995</ref> Historically, Mexicans with light skin tones had absolute control over dark skinned Amerindians due to the structure of the Spanish colonial caste system. When a Mexican of a darker-skinned tone marries one of a lighter skinned-tone, it is common for them say that they are 'making the race better' (''mejorando la raza'')". This can be interpreted as a self-attack on their ethnicity.<ref>"[http://www.finalcall.com/artman/publish/article_2081.shtml Racism in Mexico?]", The Final Call, 23 June 2005</ref> Despite improving economic and social conditions of indigenous Mexicans, discrimination against them continues to this day and there are few laws to protect indigenous Mexicans from discrimination. Violent attacks against indigenous Mexicans are moderately common and many times go unpunished.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=294476 |title=Empresario agrede a valet parking, se ampara y evita la cárcel |author=La Redacción |work=Proceso |access-date=12 December 2017 |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104809/http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=294476 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

On 15 March 1911, a band of [[List of factions in the Mexican Revolution|Maderista]] soldiers entered [[Torreón|Torreón, Mexico]], and [[Torreón massacre|massacred 303 Chinese and five Japanese]]. Historian Larissa Schwartz argues that [[Kang Youwei]] had successfully organized the prosperous Chinese businessmen there, making them a visible target for class antagonism made extreme by xenophobia.<ref>Larissa N. Schwartz, "The Inconveniences Resulting from Race Mixture: The Torreon Massacre of 1911." ''Chinese America: History and Perspectives'' (1998): 57–65.</ref>

The Chinese were easy to identify in northern cities and were frequent targets especially in Sonora in the 1930s. Systematic persecution resulted from economic, political, and psychological fears of the Chinese, and the government showed little interest in protecting them.<ref>Charles C. Cumberland, "The Sonora Chinese and the Mexican Revolution." ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 40.2 (1960): 191–211 [https://read.dukeupress.edu/hahr/article-pdf/40/2/191/776093/0400191.pdf online].</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/phr.2010.79.1.50|jstor = 10.1525/phr.2010.79.1.50|doi = 10.1525/phr.2010.79.1.50|title = Chinos and Paisanos: Chinese Mexican Relations in the Borderlands|year = 2010|last1 = Lim|first1 = Julian|journal = Pacific Historical Review|volume = 79|issue = 1|pages = 50–85}}</ref>

Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp argues that the Porfiriato, 1876–1910 promoted immigration from the Middle East. However the revolution of 1910–20 saw a surge in xenophobia and nationalism based on "mestizaje." The community divided into the economically prosperous [[Lebanese Mexicans]] who took pride in a distinct Lebanese-Mexican identity, while the downscale remainder often merged into the mestizo community.<ref>Theresa Alfaro-Velcamp, . "Immigrant positioning in twentieth-century Mexico: middle easterners, foreign citizens, and multiculturalism." ''Hispanic American Historical Review'' 86.1 (2006): 61–92.</ref>

Racism against indigenous people has been a current problem in Mexico.<ref>{{Cite AV media |title=🇲🇽 Ridicule of indigenous Oscar nod highlights racism in Mexico |date=19 March 2019 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgBozq0Ir9A |type=News |publisher=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]] |via=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Domestic workers, many of whom are indigenous women who have moved from rural villages to cities, often face discrimination including verbal, physical or sexual abuse.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 November 2015 |title=Mexico City's domestic workers: a life being treated as a lesser person |url=http://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/nov/10/mexico-city-domestic-workers-life-lesser-person |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref>