Editing World Athletics (section)

===Sex===
{{main|Testosterone regulations in women's athletics}}
International level athletics competitions are mostly divided by sex and World Athletics applies eligibility rules for the women's category. World Athletics has regulations for [[intersex]] and [[transgender]] athletes. The [[differences of sex development]] (DSD) regulations apply to athletes who are legally female or intersex and have certain [[physiology]]. DSD athletes who are legally female or intersex are subject to specific rules if they have [[XY sex-determination system|XY male chromosomes]], [[testes]] rather than [[ovaries]], circulating testosterone in the typical male range (7.7 to 29.4 nmol/L), and are [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome|androgen-sensitive]] so that their bodies make use of that testosterone. World Athletics requires any such athlete to reduce their blood testosterone level to 5 nmol/L or lower for a six-month period before becoming eligible for international competition.<ref>[https://www.iaaf.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg IAAF publishes briefing notes and Q&A on Female Eligibility Regulations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824090918/https://www.iaaf.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg |date=24 August 2019 }}. IAAF (7 May 2019). Retrieved 2019-10-20.</ref>

The rules have been challenged by affected athletes in the [[Court of Arbitration for Sport]] (CAS), though no athlete has done so successfully. In May 2019, CAS upheld the rules on the basis that discrimination against the minority of DSD athletes was proportional as a method of preserving access to the female category to a much larger majority of women without DSDs.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bull |first=Andy |date=1 May 2019 |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg |title=Cas tried to provide a clear verdict on Caster Semenya but left a tangled mess |work=The Guardian |access-date=20 October 2019 |archive-date=24 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824090918/https://www.iaaf.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, World Athletics tightened their regulations further, excluding transgender women who have gone through male puberty from competing in the female category. The new regulations also reduced the testosterone limit for androgen-sensitive XY DSD athletes to 2.5 nmol/L and extended the limit to apply to all women's events, where it had previously only applied to track events of distances between 400m and one mile. World Athletics president Sebastian Coe described this as "decisive action to protect the female category in our sport".<ref>{{cite web|access-date=2023-03-24|date=2023-03-24|title=World Athletics excludes transgender women from female competition, Lord Coe confirms|url=https://www.skysports.com/more-sports/athletics/news/29175/12840994/world-athletics-excludes-transgender-women-from-womens-competition-lord-coe-confirms|website=Sky Sports|archive-date=23 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323192820/https://www.skysports.com/more-sports/athletics/news/29175/12840994/world-athletics-excludes-transgender-women-from-womens-competition-lord-coe-confirms|url-status=live}}</ref>