Editing Winfield Scott Hancock (section)

===Reconstruction===
[[File:Andrew Johnson.jpg|thumb|[[Andrew Johnson]] thought Hancock was the ideal Reconstruction general.]]
Hancock's time in the West was brief. President Johnson, unhappy with the way Republican generals were governing the South under [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]], sought replacements for them.<ref>Trefousse, pp. 289–90.</ref> The general who offended Johnson the most was [[Philip Sheridan]], and Johnson soon ordered General Grant to switch the assignments of Hancock and Sheridan, believing that Hancock, a Democrat, would govern in a style more to Johnson's liking.<ref name=jordan200>Jordan, pp. 200–01.</ref> Although neither man was pleased with the change, Sheridan reported to Fort Leavenworth and Hancock to [[New Orleans]].<ref name=jordan200/>

Hancock's new assignment found him in charge of the [[Fifth Military District]], covering [[Texas]] and [[Louisiana]]. Almost immediately upon arriving, Hancock ingratiated himself with the secessionist white population by issuing his General Order Number 40 of November 29, 1867. In that order, written while traveling to New Orleans, Hancock expressed sentiments in support of President Johnson's policies, writing that if the residents of the district conducted themselves peacefully and the civilian officials perform their duties, then "the military power should cease to lead, and the civil administration resume its natural and rightful dominion."<ref>Jamieson, pp. 152–53.</ref> The order continued:
{{blockquote|The great principles of American liberty are still the lawful inheritance of this people, and ever should be. The right of trial by jury, the habeas corpus, the liberty of the press, the freedom of speech, the natural rights of persons and the rights of property must be preserved. Free institutions, while they are essential to the prosperity and happiness of the people, always furnish the strongest inducements to peace and order.<ref>Jordan, p. 203.</ref>}}
Hancock's order encouraged white Democrats across the South who hoped to return to civilian government more quickly, but discomforted blacks and Republicans in the South who feared a return to the antebellum ways of traditional white dominance.<ref>Jordan, pp. 204–05; Tucker, pp. 279–84.</ref>

Hancock's General Order Number 40 was quickly condemned by Republicans in Washington, especially by the [[Radical Republicans|Radicals]], while President Johnson wholeheartedly approved.<ref name=jordan206>Jordan, pp. 206–08; Walker, pp. 301–03.</ref> Heedless of the situation in Washington, Hancock soon put his words into action, refusing local Republican politicians' requests to use his power to overturn elections and court verdicts, while also letting it be known that open insurrection would be suppressed.<ref name=jordan206/> Hancock's popularity within the Democratic party grew to the extent that he was considered a potential presidential nominee for that party in [[1868 United States presidential election|the 1868 election]].<ref>Jordan, 213–28; Warner, p. 204.</ref> Although Hancock collected a significant number of delegates at the 1868 convention, his presidential possibilities went unfulfilled. Even so, he was henceforth identified as a rare breed in politics: one who believed in the Democratic Party's principles of states' rights and limited government, but whose anti-secessionist sentiment was unimpeachable.<ref>Jordan, p. 212; Walker pp. 301–02.</ref>