Editing Windhoek (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Windhoek Luftaufnahme.jpg|thumb|[[Auas Mountains]]]]
[[File:Rainy season clouds outskirt of Windhoek.jpg|thumb|Rainy season]]
Expanding the town area has – apart from financial restrictions – proven to be challenging due to its geographical location. In southern, eastern and western directions, Windhoek is surrounded by rocky, mountainous areas, which make land development costly. The southern side is not suitable for industrial development because of the presence of underground [[aquifers]]. This leaves the vast [[Brakwater]] area north of town the only feasible place for Windhoek's expansion.<ref name="newera2">[http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9494 "Windhoek's battle for land"] {{Webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20121209032607/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=9494 |date=9 December 2012 }}, by Desie Heita; ''New Era,'' 10 Feb 2010</ref>

Windhoek's city council has plans to dramatically expand the city's boundaries such that the town area will cover {{cvt|5133.4|sqkm}}. Windhoek would become the third-largest city in the world by area,{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}} after [[Tianjin]] and [[Istanbul]], although its population density is only 63 inhabitants per square kilometre.<ref name=slaan>{{cite news |title=Windhoek slaan Afrika-rekord |trans-title=Windhoek beats Africa record |date=2 July 2013 |last=Retief |first=Christo |newspaper=[[Die Republikein]] |url=http://www.republikein.com.na/regering/windhoek-slaan-afrika-rekord.207163 |access-date=2 July 2013 |archive-date=24 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160324055814/http://www.republikein.com.na/regering/windhoek-slaan-afrika-rekord.207163 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Suburbs===
Windhoek is subdivided into the following suburbs and townships:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polytechnic.edu.na/academics/schools/engine_infotech/civil/lecturing/upd410s_module/(11.4)Windhoek%20Structure%20Plan%20Report.pdf |title=The Windhoek Structure Plan |year=1996 |publisher=City of Windhoek |pages=11–12 |access-date=2 July 2013}}{{Dead link |date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

'''Suburbs'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em}}
*Academia
*Auasblick
*Avis 
*[[Cimbebasia (Windhoek suburb)|Cimbebasia]]
*Dorado Park
*Eros
*[[Goreangab]]
*[[Groot Aub]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Groot Aub incorporated into Windhoek |last=Ngatjiheue |first=Charmaine |date=11 September 2017 |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |page=5 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/59009/read/Groot-Aub-incorporated-into-Windhoek |access-date=12 September 2017 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912194314/https://www.namibian.com.na/59009/read/Groot-Aub-incorporated-into-Windhoek  |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Brakwater]]
*[[Hakahana]]
*[[Hochland Park]]
*[[Katutura]]
*[[Khomasdal]]
*[[Kleine Kuppe]]
*[[Klein Windhoek]]
*Lafrenz Industrial Area
*Ludwigsdorf
*Luxury Hill (Luxushügel) 
*Northern Industrial Area
*[[Okuryangava]]
*[[Olympia (Windhoek)|Olympia]]
*[[Otjomuise]]
*[[Pioneers Park]]
*Prosperita
*Rocky Crest
*Southern Industrial Area
*Suiderhof
*Tauben Glen
*[[Wanaheda]]
*[[Windhoek Central Business District|Windhoek Central]]
*Windhoek North
*[[Windhoek West]]
{{div col end}}


'''Townships'''
{{div col |colwidth=15em}}
*Babilon
*Big Bend
*[[Elisenheim]]
*Eros Park
*Freedom Land
*[[Greenwell Matongo]]
*[[Havana (Windhoek suburb)|Havana]]
*Havana North
*Kilimanjaro
*Maxuilili
*Ombili
*Oohambo Dha Nehale
*[[John Pandeni Constituency|Soweto]]
{{div col end}}

In many of Windhoek's townships residents live in [[shack]]s. In 2020 the city had a total of 41,900 of these informal housing structures, accommodating close to 100,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Namibia's ghetto life: Half million live in shacks countrywide |last=Nghinomenwa |first=Erastus |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=12 August 2020 |page=1 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/93627/read/Namibias-ghetto-life-Half-million-live-in-shacks-countrywide |access-date=13 August 2020 |archive-date=21 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421060538/https://www.namibian.com.na/93627/read/Namibias-ghetto-life-Half-million-live-in-shacks-countrywide  |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Cloudy sky in the capital city of Namibia.jpg|alt=#1Lib1Ref #AfLibWk|thumb|Overcast skies in Windhoek]]

===Climate===
Windhoek has over 300 sunny days per year.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Namibia |title=Climate and average monthly weather in Namibia |website=weather-and-climate.com |access-date=20 July 2017 |archive-date=3 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403145019/https://weather-and-climate.com/average-monthly-Rainfall-Temperature-Sunshine-in-Namibia |url-status=live}}</ref> It experiences a hot [[semi-arid climate]] (''BSh'') according to [[Köppen climate classification]] as the annual average temperature is above {{cvt|18|C}}. The temperature throughout the year would be called mild, due to altitude influence. The annual average high and low temperature range is {{cvt|13.4|C-change}}. The coldest month is July, with an average temperature of {{cvt|13.1|C}}, while the hottest month is December, with average temperature {{cvt|23.5|C}}. Due to its location near the [[Kalahari Desert]], the city receives 3,605 hours of sunshine. Precipitation is abundant during the summer season, and minimal during the winter season. The average annual precipitation is {{cvt|367.4|mm}}, with lows of {{cvt|106.7|mm}} in the 2018/19 rainy season, and {{cvt|97|mm}} in 1929/30.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Khomas faces worst drought in 90 years |last1=Menges |first1=Werner |last2=Oliveira |first2=Yokany |newspaper=[[The Namibian]] |date=23 May 2019 |page=1 |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/78826/read/Khomas-faces-worst-drought-in-90-years |access-date=25 May 2019 |archive-date=25 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525090528/https://www.namibian.com.na/78826/read/Khomas-faces-worst-drought-in-90-years  |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Windhoek (1728 m), Namibia
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 36.0
|Feb record high C = 35.8
|Mar record high C = 34.9
|Apr record high C = 31.3
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 26.1
|Jul record high C = 25.7
|Aug record high C = 30.0
|Sep record high C = 33.2
|Oct record high C = 35.1
|Nov record high C = 36.5
|Dec record high C = 36.6

|Jan high C = 30.0
|Feb high C = 28.6
|Mar high C = 27.2
|Apr high C = 25.6
|May high C = 22.7
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 20.5
|Aug high C = 23.4
|Sep high C = 26.5
|Oct high C = 29.1
|Nov high C = 29.6
|Dec high C = 30.7
|year high C = 26.1

|Jan mean C = 23.3
|Feb mean C = 22.1
|Mar mean C = 21.0
|Apr mean C = 18.9
|May mean C = 15.8
|Jun mean C = 13.2
|Jul mean C = 13.1
|Aug mean C = 15.8
|Sep mean C = 19.3
|Oct mean C = 21.7
|Nov mean C = 22.5
|Dec mean C = 23.5
|year mean C = 19.1

|Jan low C = 17.2
|Feb low C = 16.5
|Mar low C = 15.4
|Apr low C = 12.8
|May low C = 9.2
|Jun low C = 6.7
|Jul low C = 6.3
|Aug low C = 8.6
|Sep low C = 11.9
|Oct low C = 14.6
|Nov low C = 15.6
|Dec low C = 16.9
|year low C = 12.7

|Jan record low C = 7.5
|Feb record low C = 6.8
|Mar record low C = 3.7
|Apr record low C = 2.4
|May record low C = -1.6
|Jun record low C = -2.8
|Jul record low C = -2.6
|Aug record low C = -3.9
|Sep record low C = -1.1
|Oct record low C = 1.6
|Nov record low C = 0.4
|Dec record low C = 3.3

|precipitation colour = green

|Jan precipitation mm = 78.1
|Feb precipitation mm = 80.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 78.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 37.7
|May precipitation mm = 6.6
|Jun precipitation mm = 1.2
|Jul precipitation mm = 0.7
|Aug precipitation mm = 0.9
|Sep precipitation mm = 2.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 11.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 26.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 41.7

|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.1
|Feb precipitation days = 10.7
|Mar precipitation days = 10.5
|Apr precipitation days = 5.5
|May precipitation days = 1.9
|Jun precipitation days = 0.7
|Jul precipitation days = 0.5
|Aug precipitation days = 0.3
|Sep precipitation days = 0.9
|Oct precipitation days = 2.8
|Nov precipitation days = 5.3
|Dec precipitation days = 7.5

|Jan humidity = 42
|Feb humidity = 56
|Mar humidity = 51
|Apr humidity = 44
|May humidity = 37
|Jun humidity = 32
|Jul humidity = 27
|Aug humidity = 19
|Sep humidity = 17
|Oct humidity = 22
|Nov humidity = 30
|Dec humidity = 34

|Jan sun = 288
|Feb sun = 254
|Mar sun = 282
|Apr sun = 273
|May sun = 310
|Jun sun = 309
|Jul sun = 326
|Aug sun = 341
|Sep sun = 321
|Oct sun = 319
|Nov sun = 297
|Dec sun = 285
| source 1 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_681100_kt.pdf |title=Klimatafel von Windhuk (Windhoek) / Namibia |publisher=Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure |access-date=2 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512035512/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_681100_kt.pdf |archive-date=12 May 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Danish Meteorological Institute]] (sun only)<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |title=Stationsnummer 68110 |publisher=Ministry of Energy, Utilities and Climate |access-date=2 November 2016 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116071752/http://www.dmi.dk/dmi/tr01-17.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2013 |df=dmy-all}}
</ref>
}}

===Demographics===
In 1971, there were roughly 26,000 whites living in Windhoek, outnumbering the black population of 24,000. About one third of white residents at the time, at least 9,000 individuals, were German speakers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19710718&id=9gorAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YJoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2800,3519162 |title=Reading Eagle – Google News Archive Search |website=news.google.com |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117034052/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19710718&id=9gorAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YJoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2800,3519162 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2010 the population stood at over 325,858 (65% black; 18% other; 17% white), and has been growing 4% annually in part due to [[informal settlement]]s that have even higher growth rates of nearly 10% a year.<ref name="newera2"/> As of 2020, Windhoek has a population of 431,000.

In public life, [[Afrikaans]], and to a lesser extent [[German language|German]], are still used as lingua francas even though the government only uses English.<ref>Thomas Schoch. 2003. [http://www.visitwindhoek.net/component/content/article/113 ''Visit Windhoek, People and languages''] {{webarchive |url=https://archive.today/20130222170645/http://www.visitwindhoek.net/component/content/article/113 |date=22 February 2013 }}</ref>

{{Historical populations|1981|96,057|1991|147,056|2001|233,529|2011|325,858|2016|395,000|2023|486,169|percentages=pagr|align=none|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/en/namibia/cities/ |title=Namibia: Administrative Division population statistics |access-date=21 November 2019 |archive-date=31 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191031145132/http://citypopulation.de/en/namibia/cities/ |url-status=live}}</ref>}}