Editing William of Ockham (section)

=== Church authority ===
William of Ockham denied [[papal infallibility]] and often went into conflict with the pope.<ref>{{Cite web |title=William of Ockham: Defending the Church, Condemning the Pope |url=https://philosophynow.org/issues/56/William_of_Ockham_Defending_the_Church_Condemning_the_Pope |access-date=2022-09-08 |website=PhilosophyNow.org}}</ref> As a result, some theologians have viewed him as a [[Proto-Protestantism|proto-Protestant]].<ref name="Ford 2016 p. 84">{{cite book |last=Ford |first=J.L. |title=The Divine Quest, East and West: A Comparative Study of Ultimate Realities |publisher=State University of New York Press |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4384-6055-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tk14CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA84 |access-date=2023-06-16 |page=84}}</ref> However, despite his conflicts with the papacy he did not renounce the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]].<ref name="iep.utm.edu">{{Cite web |title=Ockham (Occam), William of {{!}} Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |url=https://iep.utm.edu/ockham/ |access-date=2022-09-08}}</ref> Ockham also held that councils of the Church were fallible, he held that any individual could err on matters of faith, and councils being composed of multiple fallible individuals could err.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Canning |first=Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fpMdtNgggN8C&dq=William+of+Ockham+papal+power&pg=PA131 |title=Ideas of Power in the Late Middle Ages, 1296–1417 |year=2011 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-50495-9 |language=en}}</ref> He thus foreshadowed some elements of Luther's view of [[sola scriptura]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Thiel |first=John E. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IZ5CelJGUYEC&dq=William+of+Ockham+sola+scriptura&pg=PA18 |title=Senses of Tradition: Continuity and Development in Catholic Faith |date=2000 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-535031-9}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Heath |first=J. M. F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfunhfdzJskC&dq=William+of+Ockham+sola+scriptura&pg=PA22 |title=Paul's Visual Piety: The Metamorphosis of the Beholder |date=2013 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-966414-6 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=McGregor |first1=Peter John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zOFaEAAAQBAJ&dq=William+of+Ockham+protestant&pg=PT101 |title=Healing Fractures in Contemporary Theology |last2=Rowland |first2=Tracey |date=2022 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-6610-0}}</ref>