Editing William Faulkner (section)

==Legacy==
[[File:Rowan Oak.JPG|thumb|alt=A white house set among trees|Faulkner's home [[Rowan Oak]] is maintained by the [[University of Mississippi]].]]
[[File:Plaque Rue William Faulkner - Thiais (FR94) - 2022-04-14 - 2.jpg|thumb|A Parisian street named for Faulkner]]

===Influence===
Faulkner is widely considered a towering figure in [[Southern United States literature|Southern literature]]; [[Flannery O'Connor]] wrote that "the presence alone of Faulkner in our midst makes a great difference in what the writer can and cannot permit himself to do. Nobody wants his mule and wagon stalled on the same track the ''Dixie Limited'' is roaring down".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Levinger |first=Larry |date=2000 |title=The Prophet Faulkner |work=[[The Atlantic]] |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/toc/2000/06/}}</ref> In 1943, while working at Warner Brothers, Faulkner wrote a letter of encouragement to a young Mississippi writer, [[Eudora Welty]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=St. C. Crane |first=Joan |date=1989 |title=William Faulkner to Eudora Welty: A Letter |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26475181 |journal=The Mississippi Quarterly |volume=42 |issue=3 |pages=223–227 |jstor=26475181 |issn=0026-637X}}</ref> According to critic and translator [[Valerie Miles]], Faulkner's influence on [[Latin American literature|Latin American fiction]] is considerable, with fictional worlds created by [[Gabriel García Márquez]] ([[Macondo]]) and [[Juan Carlos Onetti]] (Santa Maria) being "very much in the vein of" Yoknapatawpha, and that "[[Carlos Fuentes]]'s ''[[The Death of Artemio Cruz]]'' wouldn't exist if not for ''[[As I Lay Dying]]''".<ref name="kan">{{cite news|url=http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/09/the-forest-of-letters-an-interview-with-valerie-miles/|title=The Forest of Letters: An Interview with Valerie Miles|last=Kan|first=Elianna|date=April 9, 2015|work=[[The Paris Review]]|access-date=April 16, 2015|archive-date=April 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414044532/http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2015/04/09/the-forest-of-letters-an-interview-with-valerie-miles/|url-status=live}}</ref> Fuentes himself cited Faulkner as one of the writers most important to him.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/may/05/fiction.books The Latin Master] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203238/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2001/may/05/fiction.books |date=June 24, 2021 }} The Guardian 5 May 2001</ref> Faulkner had great influence on [[Mario Vargas Llosa]], particularly on his early novels ''[[The Time of the Hero]]'', ''[[The Green House]]'' and ''[[Conversation in The Cathedral]]''. Vargas Llosa has claimed that during his student years he learned more from Yoknapatawpha than from classes.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2012/11/21/inenglish/1353508866_369925.html |title=The masters who influenced the Latin American Boom: Vargas Llosa and García Márquez took cues from Faulkner |publisher=El Pais |date=21 November 2012 |access-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-date=June 24, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203314/https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2012/11/21/inenglish/1353508866_369925.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Jorge Luis Borges is credited with the translation of Faulkner's ''[[The Wild Palms]]'' into Spanish, although [[Douglas Day]] believes it's not impossible that Borges' mother may have done the translation. Day also believes that Borges' deep immersion in and study of ''The Wild Palms'' may have influenced him to abandon the novel as his own writing form of choice.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Day |first1=Douglas |date=1980|author-link= Douglas Day |title=Borges,Faulkner,and The Wild Palms|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26436092?read-now=1&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents |journal=Virginia Quarterly Review |volume=56 |issue=1 |publisher=University of Virginia}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vegh |first=Beatriz |date=1995 |title=The Wild Palms and Las palmeras salvajes: The Southern Counterpoint Faulkner/Borges |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24907724 |journal=The Faulkner Journal |volume=11 |issue=1/2 |pages=165–179 |jstor=24907724 }}</ref>

The works of William Faulkner are a clear influence on the French novelist [[Claude Simon]],<ref>Duncan, Alistair B. ''Claude Simon and William Faulkner'' Forum for Modern Language Studies, Vol. IX, Issue 3, July 1973, pp. 235–252</ref> and the Portuguese novelist [[António Lobo Antunes]].<ref>Bucaioni, Marco, ''A Huge Debt to 20th Century Modernism? António Lobo Antunes's Prose Style and his Models'', Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, 2019, pp. 477–497</ref> [[Cormac McCarthy]] has been described as a "disciple of Faulkner".<ref>{{cite news|last=Prescott|first=Orville|date=May 12, 1965|title=Still Another Disciple of William Faulkner|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/17/specials/mccarthy-orchard.html?source=post_page---------------------------|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 12, 2022|archive-date=May 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523065956/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/05/17/specials/mccarthy-orchard.html?source=post_page---------------------------|url-status=live}}</ref>

In ''[[The Elements of Style]]'', [[E. B. White]] cites Faulkner: "If the experiences of [[Walter Mitty]], of [[Tender Is the Night|Dick Diver]], of [[Rabbit Angstrom]] have seemed for the moment real to countless readers, if in reading Faulkner we have almost the sense of inhabiting Yoknapatawpha County during the decline of the South, it is because the details used are definite, the terms concrete." Later, Faulkner's style is contrasted with that of [[Ernest Hemingway|Hemingway]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=White |first=E. B. |title=[[The Elements of Style]] |year=1975 |edition=3rd |page=22}}</ref>

After his death, Estelle and their daughter, Jill, lived at Rowan Oak until Estelle's death in 1972. The property was sold to the [[University of Mississippi]] that same year. The house and furnishings are maintained much as they were in Faulkner's day. Faulkner's scribblings are preserved on the wall, including the day-by-day outline covering a week he wrote on the walls of his small study to help him keep track of the plot twists in his novel ''[[A Fable]]''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Block |first1=Melissa |title=William Faulkner's Home Illustrates His Impact On The South |url=https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/515043640/william-faulkners-home-illustrates-his-impact-on-the-south |website=NPR.org |access-date=11 August 2018 |language=en |date=13 February 2017 |archive-date=August 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811231059/https://www.npr.org/2017/02/13/515043640/william-faulkners-home-illustrates-his-impact-on-the-south |url-status=live }}</ref> Some of Faulkner's Nobel Prize winnings went to establish the [[William Faulkner Foundation]]. It gave an Award for Notable First Novel; winners included [[John Knowles]]'s ''[[A Separate Peace]]'', [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''[[V.]]'', [[Cormac McCarthy]]'s ''[[The Orchard Keeper]]'', [[Robert Coover]]'s ''[[The Origin of the Brunists]]'' and [[Frederick Exley]]'s ''[[A Fan's Notes]]''. Starting in 1981, this became the [[PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction]], founded by, among others, [[Mary Lee Settle]] as an alternative to the National Book Award.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History {{!}} The PEN/Faulkner Foundation |url=https://www.penfaulkner.org/2020/11/24/our-history/ |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.penfaulkner.org}}</ref>

Some of Faulkner's works have been adapted into films. They have received a polarized response, with many critics contending that Faulkner's works are "unfilmable".<ref>[[#Bartunek|Bartunek (2017)]], p. 97.</ref> Faulkner's final work, ''The Reivers'', was adapted into a [[The Reivers (film)|1969 film]] starring [[Steve McQueen]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 29, 1969|title=The Reivers|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-reivers-1969|work=RogerEbert.com|access-date=July 2, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182829/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-reivers-1969|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tommy Lee Jones]]'s neo-Western film ''[[The Three Burials of Melquiades Estrada|The Three Burials of Melquiades Estada]]'' was partly based on Faulkner's ''[[As I Lay Dying]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mills |first=Warren |date=June 15, 2006 |title=As Melquiades Lay Dying |work=[[Indiana Daily Student]] |url=https://www.idsnews.com/article/2006/06/as-melquiades-lays-dying}}</ref>

During the [[German military administration in occupied France during World War II|Nazi Occupation of France]] in World War II, the German occupiers banned American literature. A black-market of American books emerged, and reading works by Hemingway and Faulkner became an act of defiance.<ref>[[#Blotner2vol|Blotner (1974)]], p. 1222.</ref> Faulkner remains especially popular in France, where a 2009 poll found him the second most popular writer (after only [[Marcel Proust]]). Contemporary [[Jean-Paul Sartre]] stated that "for young people in France, Faulkner is a god", and [[Albert Camus]] made a stage adaptation of Faulkner's ''[[Requiem for a Nun]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dugdale|first=John|date=March 19, 2009|title=France's strange love affair with William Faulkner|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2009/mar/19/william-faulkner-france-telerama|work=The Guardian|access-date=June 4, 2022|archive-date=June 4, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604203831/https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2009/mar/19/william-faulkner-france-telerama|url-status=live}}</ref>  In [[Jean-Luc Godard]]'s ''[[Breathless (1960 film)|Breathless]]'', Patricia ([[Jean Seberg]]) quotes ''The Wild Palms'': "Between grief and nothing, I will take grief."<ref>{{Citation |title=Breathless (1960) – IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0053472/characters/nm0781029 |access-date=2023-03-16}}</ref>

He also won the U.S. [[National Book Award]] twice, for ''Collected Stories'' in 1951<ref name="nba1951">[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1951 "National Book Awards – 1951"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028064801/http://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1951/ |date=October 28, 2018 }}. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-31. (With essays by [[Neil Baldwin (writer)|Neil Baldwin]] and Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 50- and 60-year anniversary publications.)</ref>  and ''[[A Fable]]'' in 1955.<ref name="nba1955">[https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1955 "National Book Awards – 1955"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422155650/https://www.nationalbook.org/awards-prizes/national-book-awards-1955/ |date=April 22, 2019 }}. [[National Book Foundation]]. Retrieved 2012-03-31. (With acceptance speech by Faulkner and essays by Neil Baldwin and Harold Augenbraum from the Awards 50- and 60-year anniversary publications.)</ref>

The [[United States Postal Service]] issued a 22-cent postage stamp in his honor on August 3, 1987.<ref>[[Scott catalogue]] #2350.</ref> Faulkner had once served as Postmaster at the University of Mississippi, and in his letter of resignation in 1923 wrote:
<blockquote>As long as I live under the capitalistic system, I expect to have my life influenced by the demands of moneyed people. But I will be damned if I propose to be at the beck and call of every itinerant scoundrel who has two cents to invest in a postage stamp.

This, sir, is my resignation.<ref>{{cite web|title=William Faulkner Quits His Post Office Job in Splendid Fashion with a 1924 Resignation Letter|publisher=Openculture|date=September 30, 2012|url=http://www.openculture.com/2012/09/william_faulkner_tells_his_post_office_boss_to_stick_it_1924.html|access-date=February 5, 2014|archive-date=March 25, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325111001/http://www.openculture.com/2012/09/william_faulkner_tells_his_post_office_boss_to_stick_it_1924.html|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>

On October 10, 2019, a [[Mississippi Writers Trail]] historical marker was installed at [[Rowan Oak]] in Oxford, Mississippi honoring the contributions of William Faulkner to the American literary landscape.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Thompson|first1=Jake|date=2019-10-11|title=William Faulkner marker added to Mississippi Writers Trail|url=https://www.oxfordeagle.com/2019/10/11/william-faulkner-marker-added-to-mississippi-writers-trail/|access-date=2020-06-16|website=The Oxford Eagle|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617194407/https://www.oxfordeagle.com/2019/10/11/william-faulkner-marker-added-to-mississippi-writers-trail/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Collections===
The manuscripts of most of Faulkner's works, correspondence, personal papers, and over 300 books from his working library reside at the [[Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library]] at the [[University of Virginia]], where he spent much of his time in his final years. The library also houses some of the writer's personal effects and the papers of major Faulkner associates and scholars, such as his biographer [[Joseph Blotner]], bibliographer Linton Massey, and Random House editor Albert Erskine.

[[Southeast Missouri State University]], where the [[Center for Faulkner Studies]] is located, also owns a generous collection of Faulkner materials, including first editions, manuscripts, letters, photographs, artwork, and many materials pertaining to Faulkner's time in Hollywood. The university possesses many personal files and letters kept by [[Joseph Blotner]], along with books and letters that once belonged to Malcolm Cowley. The university achieved the collection due to a generous donation by Louis Daniel Brodsky, a collector of Faulkner materials, in 1989.

Further significant Faulkner materials reside at the [[University of Mississippi]], the [[Harry Ransom Center]], and the [[New York Public Library]].

The Random House records at Columbia University also include letters by and to Faulkner.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079581|title=Random House records, 1925–1999.|access-date=May 25, 2018|archive-date=December 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229023255/http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4079581/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>Jaillant (2014)</ref>

In 1966, the [[United States Military Academy]] dedicated a William Faulkner Room in its library.<ref name="Capps 1966, p. 3"/>