Editing Village (section)

==Southeast Asia==

=== Brunei ===
{{Main|Villages of Brunei}}
In [[Brunei]], villages are officially the third- and lowest-level [[subdivisions of Brunei]] below [[Districts of Brunei|districts]] and [[Mukims of Brunei|mukims]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.information.gov.bn/PublishingImages/SitePages/Publication%20Lists/TutongDistrict.pdf|title=Tutong District|website=www.information.gov.bn|pages=7–9|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> A village is locally known by the [[Malay language|Malay]] word {{Lang|ms|kampung}} (also spelt as {{Lang|ms|kampong}}).<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brn.postcodebase.com/region2-city|title=Region2-city {{!}} Brunei Postcode|website=brn.postcodebase.com|language=en|access-date=1 March 2018}}</ref> They may be villages in the traditional or anthropological sense but may also comprise delineated residential settlements, both rural and urban. The community of a village is headed by a [[village head]] ({{Langx|ms|ketua kampung}}). Communal infrastructure for the villagers may include a primary school, a religious school providing {{Lang|ms|ugama}} or Islamic religious primary education which is compulsory for the Muslim pupils in the country,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-will-remain-a-mib-guided-nation-thanks-to-religious-education/|title=Brunei will remain a MIB-guided nation, thanks to religious education {{!}} Borneo Bulletin Online|website=borneobulletin.com.bn|language=en-US|access-date=1 March 2018|date=21 October 2017|archive-date=20 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120073502/https://borneobulletin.com.bn/brunei-will-remain-a-mib-guided-nation-thanks-to-religious-education/|url-status=dead}}</ref> a mosque, and a [[community centre]] ({{Langx|ms|balai raya}} or {{Lang|ms|dewan kemasyarakatan}}).

===Indonesia===
{{Main|Villages of Indonesia}}In [[Indonesia]], depending on the principles they are administered, villages are called ''kampung'' or ''desa'' (or ''kelurahan'' for those with urban functions). A ''desa'' (a term that derives from a [[Sanskrit]] word meaning "country" that is found in the name "[[Bangladesh]]"=''bangla'' and ''desh/desha'') is administered according to traditions and customary law (''[[adat]]''), while a ''kelurahan'' is administered along more "modern" principles. ''Desa'' are generally located in rural areas while ''kelurahan'' are generally urban subdivisions. A village head is respectively called ''kepala desa'' or ''lurah''. Both are elected by the local community. A ''desa'' or ''kelurahan'' is the subdivision of a ''[[kecamatan]]'' (district), in turn the subdivision of a {{Lang|id|[[kabupaten]]}} (regency) or ''[[City|kota]]'' (city).

The same general concept applies all over Indonesia. However, there is some variation among the vast numbers of Austronesian ethnic groups. For instance, in [[Bali]] villages have been created by grouping traditional hamlets or ''banjar'', which constitute the basis of Balinese social life. In the [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] area in [[West Sumatra]] province, traditional villages are called ''nagari'' (a term deriving from another Sanskrit word meaning "city", which can be found in the name like "[[Srinagar]]"=''sri'' and ''nagar/nagari''). In some areas such as Tanah Toraja, elders take turns watching over the village at a command post.{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} As a general rule, ''desa'' and ''kelurahan'' are groupings of hamlets (''kampung'' in Indonesian, ''dusun'' in [[Javanese language|Javanese]], ''banjar'' in Bali). a ''kampung'' is defined today as a [[Villages of Brunei|village]] in [[Brunei]] and [[Indonesia]].

===Malaysia and Singapore===
''Kampung'' is a term used in [[Malaysia]], (sometimes spelling ''kampong'' or ''kompong'' in the [[English language]]) for "a Malay hamlet or village in a Malay-speaking country".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/kampung |title=Merriam-Webster Online |publisher=M-w.com |date=25 April 2007 |access-date=28 March 2010}}</ref> In Malaysia, a ''kampung'' is determined as a locality with 10,000 or fewer people. Since historical times, every Malay village came under the leadership of a ''[[penghulu]]'' (village chief), who has the power to hear civil matters in his village (see [[Judiciary of Malaysia#Other courts|Courts of Malaysia]] for more details).

A Malay village typically contains a ''"masjid"'' ([[mosque]]) or ''"[[surau]]"'', [[paddy field]]s and [[Malay houses]] on [[stilt house|stilts]]. Malay and Indonesian villagers practice the culture of helping one another as a community, which is better known as "joint bearing of burdens" (''[[gotong royong]]'').<ref>Geertz, Clifford. "Local Knowledge: Fact and Law in Comparative Perspective", pp. 167–234 in Geertz ''Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology,'' NY: Basic Books. 1983.</ref> They are family-oriented (especially the concept of respecting one's family [particularly the parents and elders]), [[Etiquette in Asia#Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore|courtesy]] and practice belief in [[God]] (''"Tuhan"'') as paramount to everything else. It is common to see a cemetery near the mosque. In [[Sarawak]] and [[East Kalimantan]], some villages are called 'long', primarily inhabited by the [[Orang Ulu]].

Malaysian ''kampung'' were once aplenty in Singapore but there are almost no remaining ''kampung'' villages; the very few to have survived until today are mostly on outlying [[island]]s surrounding mainland Singapore, such as [[Pulau Ubin]]. Mainland Singapore used to have many ''kampung'' villages but modern developments and rapid urbanisation works have seen them bulldozed away; [[Kampong Lorong Buangkok]] is the last surviving village on the country's mainland.

The term "kampung", sometimes spelled "kampong", is one of many Malay words to have entered common usage in Malaysia and Singapore. Locally, the term is frequently used to refer to either one's hometown or a rural village, depending on the intended context.

===Myanmar===
{{main|Villages of Myanmar}}

===Philippines===

In urban areas of the [[Philippines]], the term "village" most commonly refers to private subdivisions, especially [[gated community|gated communities]]. These villages emerged in the mid-20th century and were initially the domain of [[elite]] urban dwellers. Those are common in [[Cities in the Philippines|major cities in the country]] and their residents have a wide range of income levels.

Such villages may or may not correspond to a [[barangay]] (the country's basic unit of government, also glossed as village), or be privately administered. Barangays correspond more to precolonial villages; the chairman (formerly the village [[datu]]) now settles administrative, intrapersonal, and political matters or polices the area though with much less authority and respect than in Indonesia or Malaysia.

===Thailand===
{{main|Muban}}

===Vietnam===

Village, or "làng", is a basis of [[Vietnam]] society. Vietnam's village is the typical symbol{{Citation needed|date=May 2009}} of Asian agricultural production. Vietnam's village typically contains: a village gate, "lũy tre" (bamboo hedges), "đình làng" (communal house) where "thành hoàng" ([[tutelary deity|tutelary god]]) is worshiped, a common well, "đồng lúa" ([[rice]] field), "chùa" (temple) and houses of all families in the village. All the people in Vietnam's villages usually have a blood relationship. They are [[farmer]]s who grow rice and have the same traditional [[handicraft]]. Vietnam's villages have an important role in society (Vietnamese saying: "Custom rules the law" -"Phép vua thua lệ làng" [literally: the king's law yields to village customs]). It is common for Vietnamese villagers to prefer to be buried in their village upon death.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}