Editing University of Oxford (section)

==Organisation== <!-- "s" spelling per talk page consensus on 20 April 2009 -->
{{See also|Category:Departments of the University of Oxford}}Colleges arrange the tutorial teaching for their undergraduates, and the members of an academic department are spread around many colleges. Though certain colleges do have subject alignments (e.g., [[Nuffield College]] as a centre for the social sciences), these are exceptions, and most colleges will have a broad mix of academics and students from a diverse range of subjects. Facilities such as libraries are provided on all these levels: by the central university (the [[Bodleian]]), by the departments (individual departmental libraries, such as the English Faculty Library), and by colleges (each of which maintains a multi-discipline library for the use of its members).<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKnight |first=Owen |title=Oxford LibGuides: A-Z of college libraries: Home |url=https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/c.php?g=422891&p=2887902 |access-date=2024-05-17 |website=libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517114602/https://libguides.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/c.php?g=422891&p=2887902 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Central governance ===
[[File:Wellington Square Oxford 1.jpg|thumb|[[Wellington Square, Oxford|Wellington Square]] has become synonymous with the university's central administration.]]
The university's formal head is the [[List of Chancellors of the University of Oxford|chancellor]]{{anchor|Chancellor of the University of Oxford}}, with [[William Hague|Lord Hague of Richmond]] expected to be inaugurated in early 2025<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2024-11-27-lord-hague-richmond-elected-new-chancellor-oxford-university|title=Lord Hague of Richmond elected as new Chancellor of Oxford University|date=27 November 2024|via=Google }}</ref> although, as at most British universities, the chancellor is a titular figurehead and is not involved with the day-to-day running of the university. The chancellor is elected by the members of [[convocation]], a body comprising all graduates of the university, and may hold office until death.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B7kUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA24|title=The Oxford University Calendar 1817|date=24 June 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref>

The [[List of Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford|vice-chancellor]], currently [[Irene Tracey]],<ref name="VCapproval" /> is the ''de facto'' head of the university. Five pro-vice-chancellors have specific responsibilities for education; research; planning and resources; development and external affairs; and personnel and equal opportunities.

Two university [[Proctor of the University of Oxford|proctors]], elected annually on a rotating basis from any two of the colleges, are the internal ombudsmen who make sure that the university and its members adhere to its statutes. This role incorporates student discipline and complaints, as well as oversight of the university's proceedings.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.proctors.ox.ac.uk/ |title=The Proctors' Office |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=University of Oxford |access-date=26 December 2020 |archive-date=23 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223203211/https://www.proctors.ox.ac.uk/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The university's professors are collectively referred to as the [[List of professorships at the University of Oxford|Statutory Professors of the University of Oxford]]. They are particularly influential in the running of the university's graduate programmes. Examples of statutory professors are the [[Chichele Professorship]]s and the [[Drummond Professor of Political Economy]].

The University of Oxford is a "public university" in the sense that it receives some public money from the government, but it is a "private university" in the sense that it is entirely self-governing and, in theory, could choose to become entirely private by rejecting public funds.<ref name="OXCHEPS39">{{cite web |last1=Dennis |first1=Farrington |last2=Palfreyman |first2=David |date=21 February 2011 |title=OFFA and £6000–9000 tuition fees |url=https://oxcheps.new.ox.ac.uk/papers/OxCHEPS_OP39.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240901003530/https://oxcheps.new.ox.ac.uk/papers/OxCHEPS_OP39.pdf |archive-date=1 September 2024 |archive-format=PDF |access-date=20 March 2011 |work=OxCHEPS Occasional Paper No. 39 |publisher=Oxford Centre for Higher Education Policy Studies |language=en-GB |publication-place=[[Oxford]] |quote=Note, however, that any university which does not want funding from HEFCE can, as a private corporation, charge whatever tuition fees it likes (exactly as does, say, the University of Buckingham or BPP University College). Under existing legislation and outside of the influence of the HEFCE-funding mechanism upon universities, Government can no more control university tuition fees than it can dictate the price of socks in Marks & Spencer. Universities are not part of the State and they are not part of the public sector; Government has no reserve powers of intervention even in a failing institution.}}</ref>

=== Colleges ===
{{Main|Colleges of the University of Oxford}}
[[File:Tom Quad, Christ Church, Oxford.jpg|thumb|[[Tom Quad]], [[Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church]]]]
[[File:UK-2014-Oxford-Worcester College 02.jpg|thumb|Main Quad, [[Worcester College, Oxford|Worcester College]]]]
[[File:Christ Church Great Hall, July 25, 2023.jpg|thumb|Christ Church, Oxford]]
To be a member of the university, all students, and most academic staff, must also be a member of a college or hall. There are thirty-nine [[colleges of the University of Oxford]] and four [[permanent private hall]]s (PPHs), each controlling its membership and with its own internal structure and activities.<ref name=CollegesandHalls>{{cite web|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/colleges/introducing-colleges|title=What is an Oxford college?|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=31 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316233819/https://www.ox.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/colleges/introducing-colleges|archive-date=16 March 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Not all colleges offer all courses, but they generally cover a broad range of subjects.

The 39 colleges are:
{{columns-list|colwidth=12em|
* {{BUni|Oxford|All Souls}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Balliol}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Brasenose}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Christ Church}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Corpus Christi}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Exeter}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Green Templeton}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Harris Manchester}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Hertford}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Jesus}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Keble}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Kellogg}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Lady Margaret Hall}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Linacre}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Lincoln}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Magdalen}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Mansfield}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Merton}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|New}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Nuffield}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Oriel}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Pembroke}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|The Queen's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Reuben}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Somerville}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Anne's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Antony's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Catherine's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Cross}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Edmund Hall}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Hilda's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Hugh's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St John's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|St Peter's}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Trinity}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|University}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Wadham}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Wolfson}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Worcester}}
}}

The permanent private halls were founded by different Christian denominations. One difference between a college and a PPH is that whereas colleges are governed by the [[Oxford fellow|fellows]] of the college, the governance of a PPH resides, at least in part, with the corresponding Christian denomination. The four PPHs are:
* {{BUni|Oxford|Blackfriars Hall}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Campion Hall}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Regent's Park}}
* {{BUni|Oxford|Wycliffe Hall}}

The PPHs and colleges join as the Conference of Colleges, which represents their common concerns, to discuss matters of shared interest and to act collectively when necessary, such as in dealings with the central university.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.confcoll.ox.ac.uk/ |title=Conference of Colleges |publisher=Confcoll.ox.ac.uk |access-date=16 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913052216/http://www.confcoll.ox.ac.uk/ |archive-date=13 September 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/test1-conf-coll/Public%20Documents/conf_coll_leaflet_web%20final.pdf |title=Who we are, what we do – The Conference of Colleges |publisher=Oxford University |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022010939/https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/test1-conf-coll/Public%20Documents/conf_coll_leaflet_web%20final.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Conference of Colleges was established as a recommendation of the [[Oliver Franks, Baron Franks|Franks]] Commission in 1965.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/councilsec/gov/gov_expl/ |title=A brief history and overview of the university's governance arrangements (see footnote 1) |publisher=Admin.ox.ac.uk |access-date=16 August 2013 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804172404/http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/councilsec/gov/gov_expl/ |archive-date=4 August 2013 }}</ref>

Teaching members of the colleges (i.e. fellows and tutors) are collectively and familiarly known as [[university dons|dons]], although the term is rarely used by the university itself. In addition to residential and dining facilities, the colleges provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members. Colleges have responsibility for admitting undergraduates and organising their tuition; for graduates, this responsibility falls upon the departments.

=== Finances ===
[[File:1 christ church hall 2012.jpg|thumb|Dining hall at [[Christ Church, Oxford|Christ Church]]; the hall is an important feature of the typical Oxford college, providing a place to dine and socialise.]]
{|class=wikitable
|+University of Oxford's finances: key statistics (£ billions)
!rowspan=2| !! colspan=2|Financial year ending 31 July
|-
!2024!!2023
|-
|Total group income of the University (excluding colleges)|| 3.054||2.829
|-
|Total expenditure during the year<ref name=OxUni2024/>||2.263||2.581
|-
!style="background:#102070; color:white;" colspan=3|Key sources of income<ref name=OxUni2024/>
|-
| Tuition fees and education contracts||0.551||0.5042
|-
| Grants from funding bodies||0.2247||0.2292
|-
| Research grants and contracts||0.7789||0.789
|-
|Publishing services||0.7468||0.753
|-
|Investment income||0.1972||0.1805
|-
|Donations and endowments||0.238||0.1869
|-
!style="background:#102070; color:white;" colspan=3|Assets at year end
|-
|University endowments (excluding colleges)||1.912||1.678
|-
|Total net assets<ref name=OxUni2024/>||6.388||5.385
|-
|Total College endowments||6.796||6.388
|-
|Total college net assets<ref name=OxColl2024/>||8.738||8.176
|}

The combined endowment figure of £8.708&nbsp;billion makes Oxford hold the [[List of UK universities by endowment|largest endowment]] of any university in the UK.<ref name=OxUni2024/> The college figure does not reflect all the assets held by the colleges as their accounts do not include the cost or value of many of their main sites or heritage assets such as works of art or libraries.<ref name="Guardian May 2018">{{cite news|title=Oxford and Cambridge university colleges hold £21bn in riches|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/28/oxford-and-cambridge-university-colleges-hold-21bn-in-riches|work=The Guardian|access-date=7 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603202132/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/may/28/oxford-and-cambridge-university-colleges-hold-21bn-in-riches|archive-date=3 June 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

The central University's endowment, along with some of the colleges', is managed by the university's wholly-owned endowment management office, Oxford University Endowment Management, formed in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|title=New investment committee at Oxford University |work=University of Oxford |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2007/070213.html |date=13 February 2007 |access-date=9 October 2007 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202183035/https://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2007/070213.html |archive-date=2 December 2012 }}</ref> The university used to maintain substantial investments in fossil fuel companies.<ref>{{Citation | title = Oxford University urged to purge its £3.3bn fund of fossil fuel investments | url = https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/02/oxford-university-fund-fossil-fuel-climate-crisis | work = The Guardian | date = 2 June 2014 | access-date = 13 December 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170327172615/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/02/oxford-university-fund-fossil-fuel-climate-crisis | archive-date = 27 March 2017 | url-status = live }}</ref> However, in April 2020, the university committed to divest from direct investments in fossil fuel companies and to require indirect investments in fossil fuel companies be subjected to the Oxford Martin Principles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Oxford University and fossil fuel divestment {{!}} University of Oxford|url=https://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/fossil-fuel-divestment|access-date=2 November 2021|website=www.ox.ac.uk|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221741/https://www.ox.ac.uk/news-and-events/fossil-fuel-divestment|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=22 April 2020|title=Oxford University bans investment in fossil fuels after student campaigns|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/oxford-university-fossil-fuels-net-zero-student-campaigns-investment-a9478431.html|access-date=2 November 2021|website=The Independent|language=en|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221731/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/oxford-university-fossil-fuels-net-zero-student-campaigns-investment-a9478431.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university was one of the first in the UK to raise money through a major public fundraising campaign, the [[Campaign for Oxford]]. The current campaign, its second, was launched in May 2008 and is entitled "Oxford Thinking – The Campaign for the University of Oxford".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.campaign.ox.ac.uk/ |title=Oxford Thinking |publisher=Campaign.ox.ac.uk |access-date=28 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127192443/http://www.campaign.ox.ac.uk/ |archive-date=27 January 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> This is looking to support three areas: academic posts and programmes, student support, and buildings and infrastructure;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.campaign.ox.ac.uk/campaign/the_campaign/index.html|title=The Campaign – University of Oxford|publisher=University of Oxford|access-date=13 July 2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724043847/http://www.campaign.ox.ac.uk/campaign/the_campaign/index.html|archive-date=24 July 2010}}</ref> having passed its original target of £1.25&nbsp;billion in March 2012, the target was raised to £3&nbsp;billion.<ref name=OxUni2015>{{Citation | year = 2015 | title = 2014/15 Financial Statements | publisher = University of Oxford | location = Oxford | url = http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Financial_Statements2014_15.pdf | access-date = 22 December 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151222221204/http://www.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxford/field/field_document/Financial_Statements2014_15.pdf | archive-date = 22 December 2015 | url-status = live }}</ref> 

==== Funding criticisms ====
The university has faced criticism for some of its sources of donations and funding. In 2017, attention was drawn to historical donations including All Souls College receiving £10,000 from slave trader [[Christopher Codrington]] in 1710,<ref>{{Cite web|date=10 November 2017|title=Oxford college to launch scholarship in attempt to address slavery legacy|url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/nov/10/oxford-all-souls-college-scholarship-slavery-legacy-caribbean-christopher-codrington|access-date=8 November 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109043043/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2017/nov/10/oxford-all-souls-college-scholarship-slavery-legacy-caribbean-christopher-codrington|url-status=live}}</ref> and Oriel College having receiving taken £100,000 from the will of the imperialist [[Cecil Rhodes]] in 1902.<ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2017 |title=Cecil John Rhodes (1853–1902) |url=https://www.oriel.ox.ac.uk/cecil-john-rhodes-1853-1902 |access-date=2 November 2021 |website=Oriel College |language=en |archive-date=1 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101225215/https://www.oriel.ox.ac.uk/cecil-john-rhodes-1853-1902 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Peltier |first=Elian |date=10 June 2021 |title=Scholars at Oxford University Refuse to Teach Under Statue of Colonialist |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/world/europe/cecil-rhodes-statue-oxford.html  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20211228/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/10/world/europe/cecil-rhodes-statue-oxford.html |archive-date=28 December 2021 |url-access=limited|access-date=2 November 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In 1996 a donation of £20 million was received from [[Wafic Saïd]] who was involved in the [[Al-Yamamah arms deal|Al-Yammah arms deal]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Demonstration mars opening of Said school |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/6606632.demonstration-mars-opening-said-school/ |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=Oxford Mail |date=5 November 2001 |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108234021/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/6606632.demonstration-mars-opening-said-school/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2001 |title=When worlds collide |first1=Jonathan |last1=Glancey |url=http://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/dec/10/highereducation.mbas |access-date=8 November 2021 |website=The Guardian |language=en |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109162949/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2001/dec/10/highereducation.mbas |url-status=live }}</ref> and taking £150 million from the US billionaire businessman [[Stephen A. Schwarzman]] in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Lee|first1=Alayna|last2=Horowitch|first2=Rose|last3=Tucker|first3=Olivia |title=Schwarzman donation to Oxford draws criticism|url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/10/01/schwarzman-donation-to-oxford-draws-criticism/|access-date=26 January 2021|website=Yale Daily News |date=1 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=21 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121214045/https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2019/10/01/schwarzman-donation-to-oxford-draws-criticism/|url-status=live}}</ref> The university has defended its decisions saying it "takes legal, ethical and reputational issues into consideration".

The university has also faced criticism, as noted above, over its decision to accept donations from fossil fuel companies having received £21.8 million from the fossil fuel industry between 2010 and 2015,<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 October 2015|title=Top universities including Oxford and Cambridge take millions from BP and Shell, fossil fuel giants|url=https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2015/10/23/data-top-universities-take-134m-from-fossil-fuel-giants-despite-divestment-drive/ |first1=Maeve |last1=McClenaghan |access-date=2 November 2021|website=Unearthed|language=en-GB|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221732/https://unearthed.greenpeace.org/2015/10/23/data-top-universities-take-134m-from-fossil-fuel-giants-despite-divestment-drive/|url-status=live}}</ref> £18.8 million between 2015 and 2020<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Tett|first1=Gillian|last2=Nauman|first2=Billy|last3=Temple-West|first3=Patrick|last4=Talman|first4=Kristen|date=28 July 2021|title=TPG and Brookfield haul in $12bn for climate funds|work=Financial Times|url=https://www.ft.com/content/904d4f91-172d-428c-94ee-bcc6f36c83c0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/904d4f91-172d-428c-94ee-bcc6f36c83c0 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=2 November 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title='Shocking' findings about Oxford University's ties with 'big oil'|url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/19475235.shocking-findings-oxford-universitys-ties-big-oil/|access-date=2 November 2021|website=Oxford Mail|date=29 July 2021 |language=en|archive-date=2 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211102221733/https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/19475235.shocking-findings-oxford-universitys-ties-big-oil/|url-status=live}}</ref> and £1.6 million between 2020 and 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Grostern |first=Joey |date=2022-02-21 |title=Oxford University took at least £1.6m last year from fossil fuel firms |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/feb/21/oxford-university-took-at-least-pounds-16m-last-year-from-fossil-fuel-firms |access-date=2024-08-27 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>

The university accepted £6 million from The Alexander Mosley Charitable Trust in 2021. Former racing driver [[Max Mosley]] said he set up the trust "to house the fortune he inherited" from his father,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/education-59232955|title=Oxford Mosley donation needs explanation, say Jewish students|date=10 November 2021|access-date=10 November 2021|website=[[BBC News]]|last=Shearing|first=Hazel|url-status=live|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110153956/https://www.bbc.com/news/education-59232955}}</ref> [[Oswald Mosley]], who was founder of two far right groups: [[Union Movement]] and the [[British Union of Fascists]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/nov/07/oxford-university-alexander-mosley-charitable-trust|title=Universities have lost moral compass over Mosley donations, says Oxford don|date=10 November 2021|access-date=10 November 2021|website=[[The Guardian]]|last=Brown|first=Mark|url-status=live|archive-date=10 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110191840/https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/nov/07/oxford-university-alexander-mosley-charitable-trust}}</ref>

=== Affiliations ===
Oxford is a member of the [[Russell Group]] of research-led [[Universities in the United Kingdom|British universities]] and is regarded to be part of the non-formal grouping of universities which make up the "[[Golden triangle (universities)|golden triangle]]" in South East England. Internationally, it is a member of the [[Europaeum]], the [[League of European Research Universities]], and the [[International Alliance of Research Universities]].<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2005/050707/full/nj7047-144a.html|title=Golden opportunities|access-date=19 October 2010|journal=Nature|date=6 July 2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117163616/http://www.nature.com/naturejobs/2005/050707/full/nj7047-144a.html|archive-date=17 November 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>