Editing University of Ottawa (section)

==Academics==
The University of Ottawa is a research university, and a member of the [[Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aucc.ca/canadian-universities/our-universities/university-of-ottawa|title=University of Ottawa|publisher=Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada|year=2012|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520000101/http://www.aucc.ca/canadian-universities/our-universities/university-of-ottawa|archive-date=20 May 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/eng/postsecondary/schoolsprograms/university/|title=Universities|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario|year=2011|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=January 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105121251/http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/eng/postsecondary/schoolsprograms/university/|url-status=dead}}</ref> It functions on a semester system, operating fall/winter and spring/summer sessions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.registrar.uottawa.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=2671|title=Important dates & deadlines|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=June 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626234315/http://www.registrar.uottawa.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=2671|url-status=live}}</ref> Undergraduate programs comprise the majority of the school's enrolment, with 39,770 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, compared to 8,128 graduate students in fall 2022.<ref name=":0" /> Excluding Saint Paul, the university conferred 7,449 bachelor's and professional degrees, 208 doctoral degrees, 1,815 master's degrees in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/cudo/2017-section-a|title=Common University Data Ontario - Section A|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=12 March 2019|archive-date=January 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119110359/https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/cudo/2017-section-a|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university also offers students the opportunity to earn credits while studying abroad, through [[student exchange]] programs, and summer programs. The university has exchange agreements with over 250 institutions in over 52 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://international.uottawa.ca/en/go-abroad/exchange/process|title=Exchange program|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=10 June 2020|year=2020|website=international.uottawa.ca|archive-date=June 10, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610052255/https://international.uottawa.ca/en/go-abroad/exchange/process|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Bilingualism and biculturalism===
[[File:OLBI at 70 Laurier Avenue East.jpg|thumb|The [[Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute]], a language institute affiliated with the university, is housed at Hamelin Hall.]]

As of 2016, the university was the world's largest English-French bilingual university.<ref name=Quick /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.obj.ca/Local/2012-05-24/article-2985971/U-of-O-contributes-billions-to-economy-each-year:-study/1|title=U of O contributes billions to economy each year: study|work=Ottawa Business Journal|publisher=Great River Media|date=24 May 2012|access-date=28 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317110334/http://www.obj.ca/Local/2012-05-24/article-2985971/U-of-O-contributes-billions-to-economy-each-year:-study/1|archive-date=17 March 2014|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The university is one of the three bilingual universities in Ontario that is not [[Affiliated school|federated]] with a larger university.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/eng/postsecondary/schoolsprograms/frenchlanguage.html#universities|title=French Language and Bilingual Colleges and Universities|publisher=Queen's Printer for Ontario|date=13 April 2011|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710214659/http://www.tcu.gov.on.ca/eng/postsecondary/schoolsprograms/frenchlanguage.html#universities|url-status=live}}</ref> Since its inception the university has seen itself as fostering English-French bilingualism.<ref>{{cite book|title=No Lesser Place: The Taaldebat at Stellenbosch|last=Brink|first=Chris|publisher=African Sun Media|year=2006|page=54|isbn=1-9199-8095-4}}</ref> However, bilingualism was only made an official university policy in 1965 when the Government of Ontario passed ''An Act respecting Université d'Ottawa'' through the [[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/administration-and-governance/1965-university-of-ottawa-act|title=Administration and Governance - University of Ottawa|website=www.uottawa.ca|access-date=April 15, 2017|archive-date=April 16, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125618/https://www.uottawa.ca/administration-and-governance/1965-university-of-ottawa-act|url-status=live}}</ref> Section 4 of that Act specifically states that an object and purpose of the university is "to further bilingualism and biculturalism and to preserve and develop French culture in Ontario", and "to further ... Christian principles". Despite that law, these parts of the university's mandate are now arguably superseded by the 1982 ''[[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]'', which constitutionalizes multiculturalism (not biculturalism) and freedom of religion.

The university operates the [[Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute]] (OLBI). The OLBI was officially opened on 1 July 2007, replacing its predecessor, the Second Language Institute. Both institutes promoted English-French bilingualism, although the OLBI holds an expanded mandate, to strengthen research, innovation and outreach efforts in official languages and bilingualism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olbi.uottawa.ca/institute.php|title=The Institute|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120717065720/http://www.olbi.uottawa.ca/institute.php|url-status=live}}</ref> The university is a member of the [[Association of Universities of the Canadian Francophonie]], an association which promotes post-secondary education and research in French.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aufc.ca/accueil.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20110706164817/http://www.aufc.ca/accueil.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=6 July 2011|title=Association des universités de la francophonie canadienne|publisher=association des universités de la francophonie canadienne|year=2012|access-date=29 May 2012|language=fr}}</ref>

While the university maintains bilingualism as an official policy, students need not be bilingual. Instead, most courses and programs are offered in both languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialresources.uottawa.ca/public/documents/UOttawaCredit.pdf|title=University of Ottawa|work=Moody's Investors Service Credit Analysis|publisher=Moody's Investors Service, Inc.|page=2|date=January 2010|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 14, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714072938/http://www.financialresources.uottawa.ca/public/documents/UOttawaCredit.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> As of April 2023, the percentage of students who used French as their primary language of education was at 30 percent (14,218 students), while the number of students which use English as their primary language for education was 70 percent (33,680 students).<ref name=":0" /> As of March 2009, 68.6 percent of professors in bilingual positions were considered to be actively bilingual, while bilingual staff comprised 91.5 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://strategicplanning.uottawa.ca/vision2010/pdf/Vision2010_report_2009.pdf|title=Goal 1 - To play a leadership role in promoting Canada's official languages|page=8|work=Vision 2010 Assessment - Strategic Plan|publisher=University of Ottawa|date=March 2009|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415164323/http://strategicplanning.uottawa.ca/vision2010/pdf/Vision2010_report_2009.pdf|archive-date=15 April 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

===Co-operative education===
[[File:Desmarais Building.JPG|thumb|right|The Desmarais Building houses several departments and the university's co-operative education program.]]
The University of Ottawa's [[cooperative education]] program is an optional program which presents students with the ability to take part in paid work placements as part of their academic program. The program is offered for both undergraduate programs and certain graduate programs.<ref name="Programs Offered">{{cite web|url=http://www.coop.uottawa.ca/en/en-prospective-students/en-program.asp|title=Programs Offered|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=19 November 2012|archive-date=November 5, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105131159/http://www.coop.uottawa.ca/en/en-prospective-students/en-program.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> The program was first introduced to the school in 1980.<ref name="Programs Offered"/> The University of Ottawa's co-operative program has expanded since its creation and now stands as the second largest program in Ontario with a placement success rate of over 98 per cent.<ref name="Programs Offered"/> The co-operative education program is designed to have students alternate between work and study terms, being placed in fields relevant to their area of study. The university's co-op program is available for a wide range of programs for undergraduate students and can be offered in French or English, depending on the program. Various programs offered in the faculties of arts, social sciences, engineering, science and law. The option of completing a work term abroad is also available.

===Rankings and reputation===
{{Canadian university rankings
| UniName = University of Ottawa
| THES_W = =191
| THES_N = 8
| QS_W = 189
| QS_N = 9
| ARWU_W = 201–300
| ARWU_CAN = 9–12
| USNWR_GU = =218
| USNWR_N = 9
| MAC_med = 5
| MAC_rep = 17}}
The University of Ottawa has ranked in a number of university rankings. In the 2022 [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]] rankings, the university placed 9–12 in Canada.<ref name="USUnivRankings_ARWU_W" /> The 2023 [[QS World University Rankings]] ranked the university ninth in Canada.<ref name=QS /> The 2023 [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]] placed Ottawa 137th in the world, and seventh in Canada.<ref name="USUnivRankings_THES_W"/> In the 2022–23 ''[[U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking]]'', the university placed ninth in Canada.<ref name="USNWR Best Global Universities"/> In terms of national rankings, ''[[Maclean's]]'' ranked the university sixth in their 2023 Medical Doctoral university rankings.<ref name="Macdoc" /> Ottawa was ranked in spite of having opted out — along with several other universities in Canada — of participating in Maclean's graduate survey since 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/11-universities-bail-out-of-maclean-s-survey-1.570771|title=11 universities bail out of Maclean's survey|access-date=27 January 2011|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=14 April 2006|archive-date=October 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030152021/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/11-universities-bail-out-of-maclean-s-survey-1.570771|url-status=live}}</ref>

The university has also placed in a number of rankings that evaluated the employment prospects of its graduates. The university has an average graduate employment rate of 97 per cent, providing a significant educational, research, and economic benefit to the [[National Capital Region (Canada)|National Capital Region]].<ref name="Times Higher Education"/>

===Research===
[[File:Ottawa Heart Institute.JPG|thumb|The [[University of Ottawa Heart Institute]] at the Wilbert Keon Building, houses over 60 principal investigators and 175 researchers for cardiovascular medicine.]]
The university is a member of the [[U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities|U15]], a group of research-intensive universities in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf|title=U15 Submission to the Expert Review Panel on Research and Development|publisher=Review of Federal Support to R&D|date=18 February 2011|access-date=22 July 2011|archive-date=March 13, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313024055/http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Research at the University of Ottawa is managed through the Office of the Vice-President, Research.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.research.uottawa.ca/office.html|title=Office of the Vice-President, Research|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=30 May 2012|archive-date=June 27, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627072209/http://www.research.uottawa.ca/office.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The university operates 40 research centres and institutes including the [[André E. Lalonde Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory]], the [[Centre for Research in Photonics at the University of Ottawa]], the [[Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services]], the [[Institute for Science, Society and Policy]], the [[Ottawa Health Research Institute]] and the University of Ottawa Heart Institute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.research.uottawa.ca/centres-institutes-uottawa.html|title=uOttawa Research Centres and Institutes|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=30 May 2012|archive-date=November 4, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104022523/http://www.research.uottawa.ca/centres-institutes-uottawa.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, Research Infosource ranked Ottawa 9th on their list for top 50 research universities in Canada, with a sponsored research income (external sources of funding) of $324.581 million in 2017.<ref name=reinf>{{cite web|url=https://researchinfosource.com/top-50-research-universities/2018/list|title=Canada's Top 50 Research Universities 2018|publisher=Re$earch Infosource|year=2018|access-date=10 March 2019|archive-date=November 3, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103092219/https://researchinfosource.com/top-50-research-universities/2018/list|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, the university's faculty averaged a sponsored research income of $246,800, while its graduate students averaged a sponsored research income of $47,000.<ref name=reinf/> The largest source of research funding comes from the federal government, which provided $142.8 million in 2010. This was followed by the provincial government, which provided $31.2 million and the corporate/private sector which provides $25.8 million in research funding.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.research.uottawa.ca/excellence-facts.html|title=Research Facts|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=30 May 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606044947/http://www.research.uottawa.ca/excellence-facts.html|archive-date=6 June 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

The university's research performance has been noted several [[bibliometrics|bibliometric]] university rankings, which uses [[citation analysis]] to evaluates the [[impact factor|impact]] a university has on academic publications. In 2019, the [[Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities]] ranked Ottawa 147th in the world, and eighth in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/ByCountry/2019/CA|title=World University Rankings By 2019|publisher=NTU Rankings|year=2019|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=July 8, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708041729/http://nturanking.lis.ntu.edu.tw/ranking/ByCountry/2019/CA|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[University Ranking by Academic Performance]] 2018–19 rankings placed the university 152nd in the world, and eighth in Canada.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urapcenter.org/2018/country.php?ccode=CA|title=2018-2019 RANKING BY COUNTRY|publisher=Informatics Institute of Middle East Technical University|year=2018|access-date=3 November 2018|archive-date=November 4, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104050258/http://www.urapcenter.org/2018/country.php?ccode=CA|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The [[University of Ottawa Press]] is an academic publishing house that publishes [[monograph]]s and research journals in the university's name.<ref>{{cite web|website=press.uottawa.ca|url=https://press.uottawa.ca/about-uop|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=16 November 2022|year=2016|title=About us|archive-date=August 15, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815103358/https://press.uottawa.ca/about-uop|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Admission===
Admission requirements differ between students from Ontario, other provinces in Canada and international students, due to the lack of uniformity in marking schemes. The admissions office maintains that an admission rate of at least 73 percent is required, although the rate may increase based on the popularity of a program.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/undergraduate-admissions/admission-requirements|title=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811103615/https://www.uottawa.ca/undergraduate-admissions/admission-requirements|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2018, the secondary school average for admitted applicants to the university was 85.1 per cent.<ref name="University of Ottawa">{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/quick-facts|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=12 September 2019|title=Quick Facts|archive-date=December 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205203231/https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/quick-facts|url-status=dead}}</ref> The 2015 acceptance (registrant) rate of first choice student is 45.6 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/cudo/2015-section-b|title=Institution Research and Planning, University of Ottawa|access-date=6 June 2016|archive-date=August 11, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170811103701/http://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/cudo/2015-section-b|url-status=live}}</ref> The 2010 secondary school rate for full-time first-year students, including Saint Paul was 82.1 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/eng/fact-figures/cudo/section-b_2011.html#sectionb3|title=Section B3 Secondary School Averages of Entering First-Time, Full-Time, First Year Students by Range and Program, 2010|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150730015557/http://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/eng/fact-figures/cudo/section-b_2011.html#sectionb3|url-status=live}}</ref> The retention rate for first-time, full-time first year students in 2009 was 86.1 percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/eng/fact-figures/cudo/section-k-2011.html#sectionk3|title=Section K3 Retention Rates 2009|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 29, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150729160656/http://www.uottawa.ca/services/irp/eng/fact-figures/cudo/section-k-2011.html#sectionk3|url-status=live}}</ref>

Students may apply for financial aid such as the [[Ontario Student Assistance Program]] and [[Student loans in Canada|Canada Student Loans and Grants]] through the federal and provincial governments. Aid may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief and work programs.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.registrar.uottawa.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=2860|title=Government Financial Aid|newspaper=Financial Aid and Awards|publisher=University of Ottawa|access-date=29 May 2012|archive-date=July 30, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120730011508/http://www.registrar.uottawa.ca/Default.aspx?tabid=2860|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2011–2012, the university provided $71.458 million in financial aid and scholarships.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialresources.uottawa.ca/financial-statement/documents/2012-2013-TableauB-6-Boursesetaidefinanciere.pdf|title=University of Ottawa Scholarships and Financial Aid 2008-2013|access-date=3 June 2012|archive-date=April 19, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012231/http://www.financialresources.uottawa.ca/financial-statement/documents/2012-2013-TableauB-6-Boursesetaidefinanciere.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>