Editing University of Michigan (section)

== Organization and administration ==

=== Governance ===
{{See also|Board of Regents of the University of Michigan|President of the University of Michigan}}
[[File:Michigan University Regents 75th Anniversary Celebration June 27 1912.jpg|thumb|Photograph of Michigan University Regents 75th Anniversary Celebration on June 27, 1912.
<br>''Standing'' L-R: Frank B. Leland, John H. Grant, Shirley W. Smith, Harry O. Bulkey, [[William L. Clements]], [[Lucius Lee Hubbard]], Benjamin Hanchett, Junius E. Beal
<br>''Seated'' L-R: Luther L. Wright, [[James B. Angell]], [[Harry B. Hutchins]], Walter M. Sawyer]]

The University of Michigan is governed by the [[Board of Regents of the University of Michigan|Board of Regents]], established by the Organic Act of March 18, 1837. It consists of eight members, elected at large in biennial state elections<ref>{{harvnb|Hebel|2004}}</ref> for overlapping eight-year terms.<ref>{{Cite web |title = About the Board of Regents |url = http://regents.umich.edu/about/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081221204929/http://www.regents.umich.edu/about/ |archive-date = December 21, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Board of Regents }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date = October 3, 2007 |title = Regents of the University of Michigan: Historical Background |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/regents/history.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080908002643/http://www.bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/regents/history.php |archive-date = September 8, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref> Before the Office of President was established in 1850, the University of Michigan was directly managed by the appointed regents, with a rotating group of professors responsible for carrying out day-to-day administrative duties.<ref name="hinsdale">{{harvnb|Hinsdale|1906|p=37}}</ref> The [[Constitution of Michigan#1850 Constitution|Constitution of the State of Michigan of 1850]] restructured the university's administration. It established the Office of the President and transitioned the Board of Regents to an elected body. The state constitution granted the Board of Regents the power to appoint a non-voting presiding president to lead their meetings,<ref>State of Michigan, 1850, Article 13, section 8</ref> effectively elevating the board to the level of a constitutional corporation independent of the state administration and making the University of Michigan the first public institution of higher education in the country so organized. As of 2021–22, the Board of Regents is chaired by Jordan B. Acker (B.A. '06).

The Board of Regents delegates its power to the [[President of the University of Michigan|university president]] who serves as the chief executive officer responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of the university, that is, the main campus in Ann Arbor. The president retains authority over the branch campuses in [[University of Michigan–Dearborn|Dearborn]] and [[University of Michigan–Flint|Flint]] but is not directly involved in their day-to-day management. Instead, two separate chancellors are appointed by the president to serve as chief executive officers overseeing each branch campus. All presidents are appointed by the Board of Regents to serve five-year terms, at the board's discretion, and there are no term limits for university presidents. The board has the authority to either terminate the president's tenure or extend it for an additional term.

The University of Michigan's current interim president is [[Domenico Grasso]], former chancellor of the [[University of Michigan-Dearborn]] selected in May 8, 2025. Grasso was appointed by the [[Regents of the University of Michigan|Board of Regents]] in May 2025, following President [[Santa J. Ono]]'s resignation and departure for the [[University of Florida]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Domenico Grasso becomes interim president of University of Michigan |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/domenico-grasso-becomes-interim-president-of-university-of-michigan/ |website=The University Record |date=March 1, 2024 |access-date=2025-05-08}}</ref> The university's 15th president was [[Santa Ono]], formerly the president of the [[University of British Columbia]] in Canada. After an extensive presidential search conducted by the executive search firm Isaacson, Miller, the board announced its selection of Santa Ono as the university's 15th president on July 13, 2022.<ref name="imsearch">{{Cite web |title=University of Michigan – Ann Arbor, President |url=https://www.imsearch.com/insights/results/university-michigan-ann-arbor-president |access-date=June 11, 2024 |website=imsearch.com }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Regents appoint Santa Ono as University of Michigan's next president |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/regents-appoint-santa-ono-as-university-of-michigans-new-president/ |date=July 13, 2022 |access-date = June 11, 2024 |website = record.umich.edu }}</ref> Ono assumed office on October 14, 2022, succeeding the outgoing president [[Mark Schlissel]].<ref>{{Cite news |title = University of Michigan President Mark Schlissel fired by board after investigation |url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2022/01/16/university-michigan-president-mark-schlissel-fired/6549755001/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220116214410/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2022/01/16/university-michigan-president-mark-schlissel-fired/6549755001/ |archive-date = January 16, 2022 |access-date = January 16, 2022 |newspaper = [[USA Today]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=U of Michigan won't give new president Santa Ono a faculty job if fired, breaking precedent |url=https://www.highereddive.com/news/u-of-michigan-wont-give-new-president-santa-ono-a-faculty-job-if-fired-br/627308/ |website=highereddive.com |publisher=Industry Dive |date=July 15, 2022 |access-date=June 16, 2024}}</ref> Ono is the first [[Asian American]] president of the university, as well as the second to have been born in Canada, since the 10th president, [[Harold Tafler Shapiro]]. [[Laurie McCauley]] has been serving as the 17th and current provost of the university since May 2022, and she was recommended by the president to serve a full term through June 30, 2027.<ref>{{cite web |title=Recommended Appointment of Provost McCauley to a Full Term |url=https://president.umich.edu/news-communications/messages-to-the-community/recommended-appointment-of-provost-mccauley-to-a-full-term/ |website=president.umich.edu |publisher=UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT |date=February 7, 2023 |access-date=June 16, 2024 }}</ref>

[[File:Senior parade, commencement day, University of Michigan.jpg|thumb|Photograph of the senior parade on commencement day, circa 1903]]

The [[President's House, University of Michigan|President's House]], located at 815 South University Avenue on the Ann Arbor campus, is the [[official residence]] and office of the University President. Constructed in 1840, the three-story Italianate President's House is the oldest surviving building on the Ann Arbor campus and a [[University of Michigan Central Campus Historic District]] contributing property.<ref>{{Cite web |date = October 3, 2007 |title = President's House |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/preshouse.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080820232655/http://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/campus_tour/preshouse.php |archive-date = August 20, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>

====Student government====

The Central Student Government, housed in the [[Michigan Union]], is the university's [[Student governments in the United States#University of Michigan|student government]]. As a 501(c)(3) independent organization, it represents students from all colleges and schools, manages student funds on campus, and has representatives from each academic unit. The Central Student Government is separate from the University of Michigan administration.<ref>{{Cite web |title = IRS Form 990, FY 2012 |url = https://csg.umich.edu/files/files/FY%202012.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141018114552/https://csg.umich.edu/files/files/FY%202012.pdf |archive-date = October 18, 2014 }}</ref>

Over the years, the Central Student Government has led voter registration drives,<ref>{{Cite web |year = 2006 |title = About Voice Your Vote |url = http://www.msa.umich.edu/mgovote2006/about.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071003010504/http://www.msa.umich.edu/mgovote2006/about.html |archive-date = October 3, 2007 |access-date = March 21, 2007 |publisher = University of Michigan CSG }}</ref> revived Homecoming events,<ref>{{Cite news |last = Shubert |first = Cathe |date = September 19, 2007 |title = Homecoming parade, carnival to return |url = http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/09/19/StudentGovernment/Homecoming.Parade.Carnival.To.Return-2977420.shtml |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080426130223/http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/09/19/StudentGovernment/Homecoming.Parade.Carnival.To.Return-2977420.shtml |archive-date = April 26, 2008 |access-date = April 6, 2008 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref> changed a football seating policy,<ref>{{Cite news |last = Woodhouse |first = Kellie |date = March 12, 2014 |title = How a Persistent Student Government Got Michigan to Scrap General Admission Football Seating |url = http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2014/03/how_a_persistent_student_presi.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141017150125/http://www.mlive.com/news/ann-arbor/index.ssf/2014/03/how_a_persistent_student_presi.html |archive-date = October 17, 2014 |access-date = October 13, 2014 |publisher = MLive }}</ref> and created a Student Advisory Council for Ann Arbor city affairs.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Ann Arbor City Council Unanimously Approves Student Advisory Council |url = https://csg.umich.edu/2017/01/19/ann-arbor-city-council-unanimously-approves-student-advisory-council/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170403194746/https://csg.umich.edu/2017/01/19/ann-arbor-city-council-unanimously-approves-student-advisory-council/ |archive-date = April 3, 2017 |access-date = April 2, 2017 }}</ref> A longstanding goal of the Central Student Government has been to create a student-designated seat on the Board of Regents.<ref name="Student Regent">{{Cite news |date = June 29, 1998 |title = Denied again: University should have a student regent |url = http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/jun/06-29-98/edit/edit1.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081013100636/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/jun/06-29-98/edit/edit1.html |archive-date = October 13, 2008 |access-date = September 15, 2008 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref> In 2000 and 2002, students Nick Waun, Scott Trudeau, Matt Petering, and Susan Fawcett ran for the Board of Regents on the statewide ballot as third-party nominees, though none were successful.<ref>{{Cite news |date = October 21, 2002 |title = Regent candidates discuss tuition, health care issues at forum |url = http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0203/Oct21_02/14.shtml |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070821051104/http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0203/Oct21_02/14.shtml |archive-date = August 21, 2007 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |work = The University Record Online }}</ref> A 1998 poll by the State of Michigan concluded that a majority of voters would approve adding a student regent position if put to a vote.<ref name="Student Regent" /> However, amending the composition of the Board of Regents would require a constitutional amendment in Michigan.<ref>{{Cite news |last = Holmes |first = Erin |date = September 8, 1998 |title = Board of regents says no to MSA student regent campaign fee |url = http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-08-98/news/news20.html |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013222504/http://www.pub.umich.edu/daily/1998/sep/09-08-98/news/news20.html |archive-date = October 13, 2007 |access-date = April 28, 2007 |work = The Michigan Daily }}</ref>

In addition to the Central Student Government, each college and school at the University of Michigan has its own independent student governance body. Undergraduate students in the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts are represented by the LS&A Student Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Who We Are |url = https://csg.umich.edu/about/who-we-are |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130515010245/https://csg.umich.edu/about/who-we-are |archive-date = May 15, 2013 |access-date = February 11, 2013 }}</ref> Engineering Student Government manages undergraduate student government affairs for the College of Engineering. Graduate students enrolled in the Rackham Graduate School are represented by the Rackham Student Government, and law students are represented by the Law School Student Senate as is each other college with its own respective government. In addition, the students who live in the residence halls are represented by the University of Michigan [[Residence hall association|Residence Halls Association]], which contains the third most constituents after Central Student Government and LS&A Student Government.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Residence Hall Government |url = http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/rha |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130204230644/http://www.housing.umich.edu/reshalls/rha |archive-date = February 4, 2013 |access-date = February 11, 2013 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref>

===Finances===

{{multiple image
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| header = 
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| image2 = MichiganLawQuad.jpg
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| footer = The William W. Cook Legal Research Library and other buildings comprising the Law Quadrangle were built during 1923–33 and then donated to the university by [[William W. Cook|William Wilson Cook]]. It was the university's most significant private gift at the time.
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In the fiscal year 2022–23, the [[State of Michigan]] spent $333 million on the university, which represents 3.03% of its total operating revenues of $11 billion.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget">{{Cite web |title = Fiscal Year 2022–2023 U-M Budget |url = https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/budget/ubudgetbooksummary_fy23.pdf |access-date = February 2, 2024 |website = obp.umich.edu |publisher = Office of Budget and Planning }}</ref> The university is the second-largest recipient of state appropriations for higher education in Michigan for 2022-23, trailing [[Michigan State University]] ($372 million).<ref>{{cite web |title=FISCAL YEAR 2022-23 HIGHER EDUCATION APPROPRIATIONS |url=https://www.senate.michigan.gov/sfa/Publications/HiEdApprops/HiEdApprops_MostRecent.pdf |access-date = July 1, 2024 |website = senate.michigan.gov }}</ref> The Office of Budget and Planning reports that [[Michigan Medicine]]'s auxiliary activities are the largest funding source, contributing $6.05 billion to the Auxiliary Funds, which accounts for 55.1% of the total operating budget. [[college tuition in the United States|Student tuition and fees]] contributed $1.95 billion to the General Fund, accounting for 11% of the total budget.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" /> Research grants and contracts from the [[U.S. federal government]] contributed $1.15 billion to the Expendable Restricted Funds, accounting for 10.4% of the total budget.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

The university's current (FY 2022–23) operating budget has four major sources of funding:<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

* General Fund money, which accounts for 25.4% of the operating budget, is derived from various sources: [[Tuition payments|student tuition and fees]] ($1.95 billion or 75.2%), state support ($333 million or 12.8%), [[Industry funding of academic research|sponsored research]] ($301 million or 11.6%), and other revenue ($8 million or 0.3%). It covers the costs of teaching, student services, facilities, and administrative support. The state's annual contribution to the school's operating budget was 3.03% in 2023 and does not cover intercollegiate athletics, housing, or Michigan Medicine.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Auxiliary Funds, which account for 58.2% of the operating budget, are sourced from self-supporting units and do not receive taxpayer or tuition support. These include [[Michigan Medicine]] ($6.16 billion), [[Michigan Wolverines|intercollegiate athletics]] ($186 million), [[University of Michigan student housing|student housing]] ($160 million), and student publications.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Expendable Restricted Funds, which account for 14.2% of the operating budget, are from providers who designate how their money is spent. Funding comes from research grants and contracts, [[financial endowment|endowment]] payout ($305 million), and private gifts ($157 million). It pays for [[scholarships]] and [[fellow]]ships; salaries, benefits and research support for some faculty; and research, programs and academic centers.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />
* Designated Funds, which account for 2.2% of the operating budget, come from fees charged for and spent on experiential learning, programs, conferences, performance venues, and executive and continuing education.<ref name="FY2022-23 budget" />

==== Endowment ====

The university's [[financial endowment]], known as the "University Endowment Fund", comprises over 12,400 individual funds.<ref name=budget-tutorial>{{cite web |title = GENERAL FUND BUDGET SNAPSHOT |website = publicaffairs.vpcomm.umich.edu |url = https://publicaffairs.vpcomm.umich.edu/key-issues/tuition/general-fund-budget-tutorial/ |access-date = February 2, 2024 }}</ref> Each fund must be spent according to the donor's specifications.<ref name=budget-tutorial/> Approximately 28% of the total endowment is allocated to support academic programs, while 22% is designated for student scholarships and fellowships.<ref name=budget-tutorial/> Approximately 19% of the endowment was allocated to Michigan Medicine and can only be used to support research, patient care, or other purposes specified by donors.<ref name=budget-tutorial/>

{{as of|2023}}, the university's endowment, valued at $17.9 billion, ranks as the tenth largest among all universities in the country.<ref name=2022-NTSE-Endowment>{{Cite web |title = U.S. and Canadian 2022 NTSE Participating Institutions Listed by Fiscal Year 2022 Endowment Market Value, Change in Market Value from FY21 to FY22, and FY22 Endowment Market Values Per Full-time Equivalent Student |publisher = National Association of College and University Business Officers (NACUBO) |url = https://www.nacubo.org/-/media/Nacubo/Documents/research/2022-NTSE-Endowment-Market-Values-FINAL.ashx |date = April 21, 2023 |access-date = February 2, 2024 |format = XLS }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last = Don Jordan |date = October 19, 2023 |title = Endowment generated 5.2% return in FY '23 |url = https://record.umich.edu/articles/endowment-generated-5-2-return-in-fy-23/ |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231129085243/https://record.umich.edu/articles/endowment-generated-5-2-return-in-fy-23/ |archive-date = November 29, 2023 |access-date = December 4, 2023 |website = The University Record }}</ref> The university ranks 86th in endowment per student.<ref name=2022-NTSE-Endowment/> The [[Michigan Law|law school]]'s endowment, totaling over $500 million, has a significantly higher per-student value compared to that of its parent university.<ref name="law_endowment">{{cite web |url = https://leiterlawschool.typepad.com/leiter/2022/05/per-student-value-of-law-school-endowments-2021.html |title = Per student value of law school endowments21.html |last = Leiter |first = Brain |date = May 3, 2022 |access-date = February 17, 2024 }}</ref> It ranks as the eighth wealthiest law school in the nation in 2022.<ref name="law_endowment"/>

=== Schools and colleges ===

[[File:Dana front.jpg|thumb|Samuel Trask Dana Building (West Medical Building) houses the School for Environment and Sustainability]]

There are thirteen undergraduate schools and colleges.<ref>{{Cite web |title = Undergraduate Studies |url = http://www.umich.edu/undergrad.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217040925/http://www.umich.edu/undergrad.php |archive-date = December 17, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan }}</ref> By enrollment, the three largest undergraduate units are the [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]], the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], and the [[Ross School of Business]].<ref name="size">{{Cite web |date = October 2014 |title = Enrollment by Degree Type & School/College |url = http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/enrollment_umaa_fall14.pdf |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150317210814/http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/enrollment_umaa_fall14.pdf |archive-date = March 17, 2015 |access-date = March 8, 2015 |publisher = UM News Service }}</ref> At the graduate level, the [[Rackham School of Graduate Studies]] serves as the central administrative unit of graduate education at the university.<ref>{{Cite web |title = What is Rackham? |url = http://www.rackham.umich.edu/about_us/what_is_rackham/ |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081207153452/http://www.rackham.umich.edu/about_us/what_is_rackham/ |archive-date = December 7, 2008 |access-date = December 25, 2008 |publisher = University of Michigan Rackham Graduate School }}</ref> There are 18 graduate schools and colleges. [[First professional degree|Professional degrees]] are conferred by the [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning]], the [[University of Michigan School of Nursing|School of Nursing]], the [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]], the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], the [[Michigan Medicine|Medical School]], and the [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]].<ref name=size/> [[Michigan Medicine]], the university's health system, comprises the university's three hospitals, dozens of outpatient clinics, and many centers for medical care, research, and education.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 85%;"
|+ 
! College/school
! Year<br>founded<ref>{{Cite web |date = November 4, 2008 |title = University of Michigan Timelines: Departmental History |url = https://bentley.umich.edu/exhibits/umtimeline/departmental.php |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080724171549/http://alumni.umich.edu/info/um/famous_alumni_abc.php |archive-date = July 24, 2008 |access-date = December 26, 2008 |publisher = Bentley Historical Library }}</ref>
! Enrollment<br>(FA 2023)
! General Fund Budget<br>($, 2022–23)<ref name="FY2022-23 budget"/>
! Budget<br>per student<br>($, 2022–23)<ref name="FY2022-23 budget"/>
|-
| [[Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning|A. Alfred Taubman College of<br>Architecture & Urban Planning]]
| 1906 || 737 || 25,707,200 || 34,881
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Dentistry|School of Dentistry]]
| 1875 || 670 || 41,055,284 || 61,277
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]]
| 1854 || 11,113 || 276,845,246 || 24,912
|-
| [[University of Michigan School for Environment and Sustainability|School for Environment and Sustainability]]
| 1927 || 516 || 28,034,976 || 54,331
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Information|School of Information]]
| 1969 || 1,760 || 50,147,537 || 28,493
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Kinesiology|School of Kinesiology]]
| 1984 || 1,312 || 22,088,845 || 16,836
|-
| [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]]
| 1859 || 1,017 || 57,495,856 || 56,535
|-
| [[College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]
| 1841 || 21,973 || 522,704,411 || 23,788
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Education|Marsal Family School of Education]]
| 1921 || 371 || 19,058,427 || 51,370
|-
| [[Michigan Medicine|Medical School]]
| 1921 || 1,677 || 124,714,812 || 74,368
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance|School of Music, Theatre & Dance]]
| 1880 || 1,134 || 43,101,134 || 38,008
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Nursing|School of Nursing]]
| 1893 || 1,183 || 31,644,687 || 26,750
|-
| [[University of Michigan College of Pharmacy|College of Pharmacy]]
| 1876 || 561 || 22,056,888 || 39,317
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Public Health|School of Public Health]]
| 1941 || 1,162 || 49,478,265 || 42,580
|-
| [[Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy]]
| 1914 || 362 || 17,191,821 || 47,491
|-
| [[Ross School of Business|Stephen M. Ross School of Business]]
| 1924 || 4,433 || 137,479,144 || 31,013
|-
| [[University of Michigan School of Social Work|School of Social Work]]
| 1951 || 940 || 31,557,111 || 33,571
|-
| [[Stamps School of Art & Design|Penny W. Stamps School of Art & Design]]
| 1974 || 740 || 18,111,495 || 24,475
|- style="background-color:#eaecf0"
| University of Michigan, Ann Arbor*
| {{dash}} || 52,065 || 2,590,485,130 || 49,755
|+
| colspan="6" | *included other standalone units
|}