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=== In other animals === Cats have mutations in Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 that cause their receptor to not perceive glutamate and aspartate as umami. However, their rececptor responds to nucleotide, and some L-amino acids enhance the response to nucleotides. Cats probably perceive tuna as very umami due to it being rich in [[Inosinic acid|inosine monophosphate]] and L-histine.<ref name=McGrane>{{cite journal |last1=McGrane |first1=Scott J. |last2=Gibbs |first2=Matthew |last3=Hernangomez de Alvaro |first3=Carlos |last4=Dunlop |first4=Nicola |last5=Winnig |first5=Marcel |last6=Klebansky |first6=Boris |last7=Waller |first7=Daniel |date=August 8, 2023 |title=Umami taste perception and preferences of the domestic cat (Felis catus), an obligate carnivore |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjad026 |journal=Chemical Senses |volume=48 |doi=10.1093/chemse/bjad026 |pmid=37551788 |pmc=10468298 |access-date=September 21, 2023}}</ref> The Tas1r1-Tas1r3 receptor of mice is activated by a wide range of free L-amino acids, but not acidic ones such as glutamate.<ref name=McGrane/> The lineage of aquatic mammals including dolphins and sea lions have no functional Tas1r1, and neither do giant pandas. They cannot generate a functional Tas1r1-Tas1r3 receptor as a result.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal | vauthors = Jiang P, Josue J, Li X, Glaser D, Li W, Brand JG, Margolskee RF, Reed DR, Beauchamp GK |display-authors=3| title = Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 13 | pages = 4956β61 | date = March 2012 | pmid = 22411809 | pmc = 3324019 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1118360109 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
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