Editing Tripoli, Libya (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Tripolilibyanasa.jpg|thumb|Satellite image of central Tripoli]] [[File:Tripoli, Libya.JPG|thumb|Astronaut view of Tripoli]]

Tripoli lies at the western extremity of Libya close to the Tunisian border, on the continent of Africa. Over a thousand kilometers (621 miles) separates Tripoli from Libya's second largest city, Benghazi. Coastal [[oases]] alternate with sandy areas and [[lagoons]] along the shores of [[Tripolitania]] for more than {{convert|300|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The city lies about 70 kilometers north from the [[Nafusa Mountains]], the source of seasonal rivers like Wadi Mejenin, which has a [[Wadi Mejenin Dam|dam]] to collect seasonal water flows.

===Administrative division===
Until 2007, the "[[Sha'biyah]]" included the city, its suburbs and their immediate surroundings. In older administrative systems and throughout history, there existed a province ("[[muhafazah]]"), state ("[[wilayah]]") or city-state with a much larger area (though not constant boundaries), which is sometimes mistakenly referred to as Tripoli but more appropriately should be called [[Tripolitania]].

As a District, Tripoli borders the following districts:
* [[Murqub District|Murqub]] – east
* [[Jabal al Gharbi District|Jabal al Gharbi]] – south
* [[Jafara]] – southwest
* [[Zawiya District|Zawiya]] – west

===Climate===
Tripoli has a [[hot semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh'')<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kottek|first1=M.|first2=J.|last2=Grieser|first3=C.|last3=Beck|first4=B.|last4=Rudolf|first5=F.|last5=Rubel|date=April 2006|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification, updated|work=Meteorol. Z.|volume=15|pages=259–263|url=http://koeppen-geiger.vu-wien.ac.at/pdf/kottek_et_al_2006_A4.pdf}}</ref> with hot and dry, prolonged summers and relatively wet mild winters. Although virtually rainless, summers are hot and muggy with temperatures that often exceed {{convert|38|C|F|0|lk=on}}; average July temperatures are between {{convert|22|and|33|C|F|0}}. In December, temperatures have reached as low as {{convert|0|C|F|0}}, but the average remains at between {{convert|9|and|18|C|F|0}}. The average annual rainfall is less than {{convert|400|mm|in|abbr=off|0|sp=us}}. Snowfall has occurred in past years.<ref name="wmo"/>

The rainfall can be very erratic. Epic floods in 1945 left Tripoli underwater for several days, but two years later an unprecedented [[drought]] caused the loss of thousands of head of cattle. Deficiency in rainfall is no doubt reflected in an absence of permanent rivers or streams in the city as is indeed true throughout the entire country. The allocation of limited water is considered of sufficient importance to warrant the existence of the Secretariat of Dams and Water Resources, and damaging a source of water can be penalized by a heavy fine or imprisonment.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Libya a country study (Area handbook series): Foreign Area Studies|publisher=The American University, Washington, D.C.|year=1979|editor-last=Harold D. Nelson|page=66}}</ref>

The [[Great Manmade River Project|Great Manmade River]], a network of pipelines that transport water from the desert to the coastal cities, supplies Tripoli with its water.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4814988.stm#map | title=Libya's Thirst for 'Fossil Water' | work=[[BBC News]] | date=18 March 2006 | access-date=10 September 2006 |last=Watkins|first=John}}</ref> The grand scheme was initiated by Gaddafi in 1982.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}}

[[Martyrs' Square, Tripoli|Martyrs' Square]], located near the waterfront is scattered with [[palm trees]], the most abundant plant used for landscaping in the city. The [[Tripoli Zoo]], located south of the city center, is a large reserve of plants, trees and open green spaces and was the country's biggest zoo.{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} The zoo was forced to shut for safety reasons due to the [[2011 Libyan Civil War|Libyan Civil War]], with many animals becoming more and more traumatised and distressed. After the overthrow of [[Muammar Gaddafi]], the BBC published a short news film detailing the problems the zoo now faced, from a lack of money to feed the animals, to a fragile security system. The animals, the BBC said, were recovering slowly and returning to normal.<ref>{{cite news |title=Bleak future for Tripoli zoo animals? |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-16371108 |access-date=2022-04-30}}</ref>

{{Weather box|location = Tripoli (1961–1990, extremes 1944–1993)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 32.2
|Feb record high C = 35.3
|Mar record high C = 40.0
|Apr record high C = 42.2
|May record high C = 45.6
|Jun record high C = 47.8
|Jul record high C = 48.3
|Aug record high C = 48.3
|Sep record high C = 47.2
|Oct record high C = 42.2
|Nov record high C = 37.2
|Dec record high C = 31.1
|year record high C = 48.3
|Jan high C = 16.4
|Feb high C = 18.5
|Mar high C = 20.7
|Apr high C = 23.7
|May high C = 27.1
|Jun high C = 30.4
|Jul high C = 31.7
|Aug high C = 32.6
|Sep high C = 31.0
|Oct high C = 26.5
|Nov high C = 23.0
|Dec high C = 18.7
|year high C = 
|Jan mean C = 12.7
|Feb mean C = 13.9
|Mar mean C = 15.3
|Apr mean C = 18.7
|May mean C = 21.9
|Jun mean C = 25.3
|Jul mean C = 26.7
|Aug mean C = 27.7
|Sep mean C = 26.2
|Oct mean C = 21.5
|Nov mean C = 16.8
|Dec mean C = 13.9
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 8.0
|Feb low C = 9.1
|Mar low C = 10.5
|Apr low C = 13.7
|May low C = 16.7
|Jun low C = 20.1
|Jul low C = 21.7
|Aug low C = 22.7
|Sep low C = 21.4
|Oct low C = 17.6
|Nov low C = 12.5
|Dec low C = 9.3
|year low C = 
|Jan record low C = -0.6
|Feb record low C = -0.6
|Mar record low C = 0.6
|Apr record low C = 2.8
|May record low C = 5.0
|Jun record low C = 10.0
|Jul record low C = 12.2
|Aug record low C = 13.9
|Sep record low C = 11.8
|Oct record low C = 6.6
|Nov record low C = 1.1
|Dec record low C = -1.3
|year record low C = -1.3
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain mm = 62.1
|Feb rain mm = 32.2
|Mar rain mm = 29.6
|Apr rain mm = 14.3
|May rain mm = 4.6
|Jun rain mm = 1.3
|Jul rain mm = 0.7
|Aug rain mm = 0.1
|Sep rain mm = 16.7
|Oct rain mm = 46.6
|Nov rain mm = 58.2
|Dec rain mm = 67.5
|year rain mm = 333.9
|Jan rain days = 9.4
|Feb rain days = 6.4
|Mar rain days = 5.8
|Apr rain days = 3.3
|May rain days = 1.5
|Jun rain days = 0.6
|Jul rain days = 0.2
|Aug rain days = 0.0
|Sep rain days = 2.3
|Oct rain days = 6.8
|Nov rain days = 6.9
|Dec rain days = 9.1
|year rain days = 57.4
|unit rain days = 0.1 mm
|Jan humidity = 66
|Feb humidity = 61
|Mar humidity = 58
|Apr humidity = 55
|May humidity = 53
|Jun humidity = 49
|Jul humidity = 49
|Aug humidity = 51
|Sep humidity = 57
|Oct humidity = 60
|Nov humidity = 61
|Dec humidity = 65
|year humidity = 57
|Jan sun = 170.5
|Feb sun = 189.3
|Mar sun = 226.3
|Apr sun = 255.0
|May sun = 306.9
|Jun sun = 297.0
|Jul sun = 356.5
|Aug sun = 337.9
|Sep sun = 258.0
|Oct sun = 226.3
|Nov sun = 186.0
|Dec sun = 164.3
|year sun =
|Jand sun = 5.5
|Febd sun = 6.7
|Mard sun = 7.3
|Aprd sun = 8.5
|Mayd sun = 9.9
|Jund sun = 9.9
|Juld sun = 11.5
|Augd sun = 10.9
|Sepd sun = 8.6
|Octd sun = 7.3
|Novd sun = 6.2
|Decd sun = 5.3
|yeard sun = 8.1
|source 1 = [[World Meteorological Organization]]<ref name = wmo>{{cite web|url=http://worldweather.wmo.int/157/c01179.htm|title= World Weather Information Service – Tripoli|date= May 2011|access-date=13 April 2013|publisher= World Meteorological Organization}}</ref>
|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes and humidity),<ref name = DWD>{{cite web|url=http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_620100_kt.pdf|title=Klimatafel von Tripolis (Flugh.) / Libyen|work=Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world|publisher=Deutscher Wetterdienst|language=de|access-date=28 March 2016}}</ref> Arab Meteorology Book (sun only)<ref name=climate>{{cite web|url=http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf|title=Appendix I: Meteorological Data|publisher=Springer|access-date=27 March 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>|date=August 2011}}

====Climate change====
A 2019 paper published in [[PLOS One]] estimated that under [[Representative Concentration Pathway#4.5|Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5]], a "moderate" scenario of [[climate change]] where global warming reaches ~{{convert|2.5-3|C-change|F-change}} by 2100, the climate of Tripoli in the year 2050 would most closely resemble the current climate of [[Taiz]]. The annual temperature would increase by {{convert|1.9|C-change|F-change}}, and the temperature of the warmest month by {{convert|3.1|C-change|F-change}}, while the temperature of the coldest month would increase by {{convert|0.3|C-change|F-change}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bastin |first1=Jean-Francois |last2=Clark |first2=Emily |last3=Elliott |first3=Thomas |last4=Hart |first4=Simon |last5=van den Hoogen |first5=Johan |last6=Hordijk |first6=Iris |last7=Ma |first7=Haozhi |last8=Majumder |first8=Sabiha |last9=Manoli |first9=Gabriele |last10=Maschler |first10=Julia |last11=Mo |first11=Lidong |last12=Routh |first12=Devin |last13=Yu |first13=Kailiang |last14=Zohner |first14=Constantin M. |last15=Thomas W. |first15=Crowther |title=Understanding climate change from a global analysis of city analogues |journal=PLOS ONE |date=10 July 2019 |volume=14 |issue=7 |at=S2 Table. Summary statistics of the global analysis of city analogues. |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0217592 |pmid=31291249 |pmc=6619606 |bibcode=2019PLoSO..1417592B |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://crowtherlab.pageflow.io/cities-of-the-future-visualizing-climate-change-to-inspire-action |title=Cities of the future: visualizing climate change to inspire action |at=Current vs. future cities |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref> According to [[Climate Action Tracker]], the current warming trajectory appears consistent with {{convert|2.7|C-change|F-change}}, which closely matches RCP 4.5.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/ |title=The CAT Thermometer |access-date=8 January 2023}}</ref>