Editing Treblinka extermination camp (section)

===Day of the revolt and survivors===
The uprising was launched on the hot summer day of 2 August 1943 (Monday, a regular day of rest from gassing), when a group of Germans and 40 Ukrainians drove off to the [[Bug River|River Bug]] to swim.{{sfn|Smith|2010}} The conspirators silently unlocked the door to the arsenal near the train tracks, with a key that had been duplicated earlier.{{sfn|Rajzman|1945|loc=U.S. Congress}} They had stolen 20–25 rifles, 20 hand grenades, and several pistols,{{sfn|Rajzman|1945|loc=U.S. Congress}} and delivered them in a cart to the gravel work detail. At 3:45&nbsp;p.m., 700 Jews launched an insurgency that lasted for 30 minutes.{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=110}} They set buildings ablaze, exploded a tank of petrol, and set fire to the surrounding structures. A group of armed Jews attacked the main gate, and others attempted to climb the fence. Machine-gun fire from about 25 Germans and 60 Ukrainian ''Trawnikis'' resulted in near-total slaughter. Lajcher was killed along with most of the insurgents. About 200 Jews{{sfn|Weinfeld|2013|p=43}}{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=110}} escaped from the camp.{{efn|Two hundred is the number accepted by Polish historians and the Treblinka camp museum; the ''Holocaust Encyclopedia'' lists 300, instead.<ref name="USHMM" />}} Half of them were killed after a chase in cars and on horses.{{sfn|Rajzman|1945|loc=U.S. Congress}} The Jews did not cut the phone wires,{{sfn|Smith|2010}} and Stangl called in hundreds of German reinforcements,{{sfn|Evans|2008|p=292}} who arrived from four towns and set up roadblocks along the way.{{sfn|Kopówka|Rytel-Andrianik|2011|p=110}} Partisans of the ''[[Armia Krajowa]]'' (Polish: Home Army) transported some of the surviving escapees across the river<ref name="Śląski-PAX">{{Cite book |url=http://alija.4me.pl/pdf/Pod_gwiazda_Dawida.pdf |title=VII. Pod Gwiazdą Dawida |trans-title=Under the Star of David |publisher=PAX, Warsaw  |year=1990 |access-date=15 August 2013 |author=Śląski, Jerzy |pages=8–9 |language=pl |isbn=83-01-04946-4 |archive-date=4 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004220216/http://alija.4me.pl/pdf/Pod_gwiazda_Dawida.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> and others like Sperling ran {{cvt|30|km|mi}} and were then [[Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust|helped and fed by Polish villagers]].{{sfn|Smith|2010}} Of those who broke through, around 70 are known to have survived until the end of the war,<ref name="BBC-Easton">{{Citation |last=Easton |first=Adam |date=4 August 2013 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23557979 |title=Treblinka survivor recalls suffering and resistance |publisher=BBC News, Treblinka, Poland |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=13 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200113010418/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23557979 |url-status=live }}</ref> including the future authors of published Treblinka memoirs: [[Richard Glazar]], [[Chil Rajchman]], [[Jankiel Wiernik]], and [[Samuel Willenberg]].<ref name="remember-me">{{cite web |url=http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/treblinka/treblinkarememberme.html |title=Alphabetical Listing of [better known] Treblinka Survivors and Victims |publisher=Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team H.E.A.R.T |year=2010 |access-date=30 August 2013 |author=Archer, Noah S. |display-authors=etal |archive-date=19 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019021234/http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/ar/treblinka/treblinkarememberme.html |url-status=live }} ''Also in:'' {{cite book |url=http://www.treblinka.bho.pl/index.php?Itemid=48&id=48&option=com_content&task=view |title=The list of Treblinka survivors, with expert commentary in Polish |year=1979 |publisher=Muzeum Walki i Męczeństwa w Treblince |id=''Source of data:'' [[Alexander Donat|Donat]] (1979), ''The death camp Treblinka.'' New York, pp. 279–291. |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922022111/http://www.treblinka.bho.pl/index.php?Itemid=48&id=48&option=com_content&task=view |archive-date=22 September 2013 |isbn=0896040097 }}</ref>

[[File:Samuel Willenberg Treblinka 2 sierpnia 2013 01b.JPG|thumb|Survivor [[Samuel Willenberg]] presenting his drawings of Treblinka II in the Museum of Struggle and Martyrdom at the site of the camp. On the right, the "Lazarett" killing station.]]

Among the Jewish prisoners who escaped after setting fire to the camp, there were two 19-year-olds, Samuel Willenberg and [[Kalman Taigman]], who had both arrived in 1942 and had been forced to work there under the threat of death. Taigman died in 2012{{efn|With Taigman's death {{Circa|27 July 2012|lk=yes}},<ref name="Erec-Kalman">{{cite web |url=http://izrael.org.il/news/2538.html |title=Kalman Taigman, ocalały z Treblinki, nie żyje |trans-title=Kalman Taigman, survivor of Treblinka died |publisher=Erec Israel |work=Translation from Hebrew, Maariv Daily, 8 August 2012 |date=13 August 2012 |access-date=30 March 2014 |author=MAARIV |language=pl |archive-date=20 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020032653/http://izrael.org.il/news/2538.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and Willenberg became the last survivor.<ref name="BBC-Easton"/>}} and Willenberg in 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35623492 |title=Last Treblinka death camp survivor Samuel Willenberg dies |date=20 February 2016 |publisher=BBC |access-date=21 June 2018 |archive-date=7 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200307222947/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-35623492 |url-status=live }}</ref> Taigman stated of his experience, "It was hell, absolutely hell. A normal man cannot imagine how a living person could have lived through it – killers, natural-born killers, who without a trace of remorse just murdered every little thing."<ref name="2 survivors remain">{{cite news |title=Only 2 survivors remain from Treblinka |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3977660,00.html |access-date=23 April 2013 |newspaper=Israel Jewish Scene |date=11 February 2010 |archive-date=15 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130715182221/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3977660,00.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Willenberg and Taigman emigrated to Israel after the war and devoted their last years to retelling the story of Treblinka.{{efn|There was also a revolt at Sobibór two months later,<ref name="interviews">{{cite web |title=Preparation – Sobibor Interviews |url=http://www.sobiborinterviews.nl/en/the-revolt/preparation |publisher=[[NIOD Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies]] |year=2009 |author=NIOD |access-date=3 September 2013 |archive-date=1 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501004248/https://www.sobiborinterviews.nl/en/the-revolt/preparation |url-status=live }}</ref> and at [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]] on 7 October 1944.<ref name="Vanderwerff"/>}}<ref name="2 survivors remain" /><ref name="Inquisitr-Treblinka">{{cite news |title=When God Went On Holiday: The BBC Tells The Story Of Treblinka |page=When God Went On Holiday: The BBC Tells The Story Of Treblinka |url=http://www.inquisitr.com/301237/when-god-went-on-holiday-the-bbc-tells-the-story-of-treblinka/ |access-date=15 May 2014 |work=The Inquisitr News |date=14 August 2012 |archive-date=17 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120850/http://www.inquisitr.com/301237/when-god-went-on-holiday-the-bbc-tells-the-story-of-treblinka/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Escapees Hershl Sperling and Richard Glazar both suffered from [[survivor guilt]] syndrome and eventually killed themselves.{{sfn|Smith|2010}} Chaim Sztajer, who was 34 at the time of the uprising, had survived 11 months as a ''Sonderkommando'' in Treblinka II and was instrumental in the coordination of the uprising between the two camps.<ref name=":0" /> Following his escape in the uprising, Sztajer survived for over a year in the forest before the liberation of Poland. Following the war, he migrated to Israel and then to [[Melbourne|Melbourne, Australia]] where later in life he constructed from memory a model of Treblinka which is currently displayed at the [[Jewish Holocaust Museum and Research Centre|Jewish Holocaust Centre]] in Melbourne.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jhc.org.au/news-and-events/news-from-the-jhc/item/133-a-labour-of-love.html |title=Jewish Holocaust Centre – A Labour of Love |website=www.jhc.org.au |date=22 May 2010 |access-date=2018-10-19 |archive-date=19 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019122135/http://www.jhc.org.au/news-and-events/news-from-the-jhc/item/133-a-labour-of-love.html |url-status=live }}</ref>