Editing Transport in China (section)

===Urban Rail===

==== Rapid Transit ====
{{Main|Urban rail transit in China}}
[[File:North facade of Zhangguozhuang Station (20230609160056).jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[Zhangguozhuang station]] on [[Line 14 (Beijing Subway)|Line 14, Beijing Subway]]]]

As of 2025, there are at least 50 rapid transit systems in mainland China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=马文华 |title=图表：我国城市轨道交通运营里程突破1万公里__中国政府网 |url=https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/jiedu/tujie/202401/content_6925789.htm |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.gov.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lin |first=Dong |last2=Nelson |first2=John D. |last3=Beecroft |first3=Mark |last4=Cui |first4=Jianqiang |date=2021-05-01 |title=An overview of recent developments in China’s metro systems |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0886779820307379 |journal=Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology |volume=111 |pages=103783 |doi=10.1016/j.tust.2020.103783 |issn=0886-7798}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-24 |title=China Metro: The Ultimate Guide for Foreign Visitors |url=https://www.registrationchina.com/articles/china-metro/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |language=en-US}}</ref> While it is difficult to gauge the number of systems and lines under construction or being planned at any given time, the rapid development of mass rapid transit in China suggests that new metro systems, lines, and extensions are constantly emerging and being rapidly developed.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese metro expansion reaches new climax |url=https://www.mainspring.co.uk/industry-news/chinese-metro-expansion-reaches-new-climax/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mainspring.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Simmons |first=Mark |date=2024-10-10 |title=China adds over 217km to metro networks |url=https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/china-adds-over-217km-to-metro-networks/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=International Railway Journal |language=en-GB}}</ref> Today, China boasts nine of the world's [[List of metro systems|ten longest metro systems]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024世界十大最长地铁排名出炉，中国城市占据9席 |url=http://www.360doc.com/content/24/0313/11/75017515_1117030461.shtml |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.360doc.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-02-16 |title=🚇全球最长地铁线路Top1 |url=https://mbd.baidu.com/newspage/data/dtlandingsuper?nid=dt_3906412798462564464&c_source=kunlun_dt&c_score=0.999000&p_tk=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D&p_timestamp=1739682751&p_sign=d164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a&p_signature=bef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956&__pc2ps_ab=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D%7C1739682751%7Cbef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956%7Cd164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250216051259/https://mbd.baidu.com/newspage/data/dtlandingsuper?nid=dt_3906412798462564464&c_source=kunlun_dt&c_score=0.999000&p_tk=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D&p_timestamp=1739682751&p_sign=d164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a&p_signature=bef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956&__pc2ps_ab=2788xzirJR8MEzoUoi0rXYK/hZLStaMNqkbA7xsJHvpbJg2oEji0QHej6wO2g/6ZMJ83zVKausVz3MzpYm6Su/%2BpxEs04CsRADqblG9V9asmJo5Frow23ShH2avGJnKvDoZ/%2BvkOJEiOXPUnlPXeBGFL7DtSTEoqkhqkBkh25PiMX1M%3D%7C1739682751%7Cbef6285d865cba1c5117dc916d452956%7Cd164da7977d18b22dd21cbbd108ecf2a |url-status=dead |archive-date=2025-02-16 |access-date=2025-02-16 }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=2024-11-12 |title=2024世界地铁里程50强市：中国28城上榜，武汉超纽约，大连超巴黎 |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/JGQAN0QR055621RT.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.163.com}}</ref> Furthermore, of the 50 longest metro systems in the world, 26 are in mainland China; [[MTR|Hong Kong]] and [[Taipei Metro|Taipei]] also make the list.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Shanghai Metro]] only started operating in 1993 and has since expanded to be the world's longest or second-longest subway system, trading places only with the [[Beijing Subway]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ode to the Shanghai Metro - Phoebe Lemon |url=https://www.nyuad.design/essay/ode-to-the-shanghai-metro |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.nyuad.design |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shanghai Metro: from nothing to world leader |url=https://www.shine.cn/feature/lifestyle/1809081811/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=SHINE |language=en}}</ref> In Mainland China, 23 urban rail lines are expected to start construction in 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=总投资2000多亿元！2025年城市轨道交通预计开工23条线路 |url=https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTEwNDM3NQ==&mid=2653142260&idx=3&sn=8f120e1a6f7eaac84c20568716695913&chksm=bcca227af77a079d3934dcdcf373e8f5b888b6958617a244799b4ffa4f4dce6948790d0fd319&scene=27 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Weixin Official Accounts Platform}}</ref>

[[File:20140820上海地铁11号线AC16列车进入南翔站.jpg|thumb|215x215px|A [[Line 11 (Shanghai Metro)|Line 11]] train arriving at [[Nanxiang station (Shanghai Metro)|Nanxiang station]] of [[Shanghai Metro]].]]
[[File:Caihongqiao Station Concourse 20221229 Part 1.jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[Caihongqiao station]] of [[Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)|Line 8, Guangzhou Metro]]]]

==== Light Rail/Tram ====
{{Main|Trams in China}}Several cities in China had tram systems during the 20th century; however, by the end of the century, only [[Trams in Dalian|Dalian]], [[Hong Kong Tramways|Hong Kong]] and [[Changchun Tram|Changchun]] remained. Since 2010, then new tram systems opened in [[Qingdao Tram|Qingdao]], [[Guangzhou Trams|Guangzhou]], [[Trams in Shenzhen|Shenzhen]], [[Trams in Shenyang|Shenyang]], [[Trams in Suzhou|Suzhou]], [[Trams in Zhuhai|Zhuhai]], and [[Trams in Huai'an|Huai'an]].

[[File:MTR North Point station (1).jpg|thumb|215x215px|[[North Point station]] on [[Island line (MTR)|Island line, MTR]]]]

In 2016 a Chinese firm developed the [[Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit]] system which has been described as a crossover between a [[train]], a [[bus]] and a [[tram]] and is commonly called a "trackless tram".<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a26782/china-built-a-self-driving-something/|title=China Built a Self-Driving... Something|date=2017-06-06|work=Popular Mechanics|access-date=2017-07-26|language=en}}</ref> As of 2021 the system has four lines in operation and is being considered for a number of other locations around the country.

==== Monorail ====
China has installed a number of straddle-type rubber-tyred monorail systems since 2005. The longest monorail line in the world, at {{convert|66.2|km|mi|abbr=on}}, is [[Line 3 (Chongqing Rail Transit)|Line 3]] located in [[Chongqing]]. A large number of other transit systems are under construction, as well as tourist lines using [[suspension railway|suspended monorail]] technology.

====Suburban and commuter rail systems====
China's passenger railways are mostly used for medium- and long-distance travel, with few trains stopping anywhere but at major stations in center cities. [[Commuter rail]] systems, characteristic of large European and North American cities, were initially uncommon in China. Instead radial suburban metro lines ([[Line 16 (Shanghai Metro)|Shanghai Metro Line 16]], [[Line 9 (Tianjin Metro)|Binhai Mass Transit Line 9]], [[Guangfo Metro]], etc.) were mostly fulfilling that role. However a number of high-speed regional networks such as the [[Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway|Chengdu–Dujiangyan ICR]], [[Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Railway|Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan ICR]], [[Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit]], and [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway]] have recently started providing commuter services.

====Rail transit in Hong Kong SAR====
{{Main|MTR}}

[[Hong Kong]] [[MTR|Mass Transit Railway]] was planned, designed, constructed and opened under [[British Hong Kong|British administration]]; it was opened in 1979 and merged with the KCR network in 2007 to form a 10-line heavy metro operation and a modern [[Light Rail (MTR)|light rail]] network. In addition, a [[Hong Kong Tramways|tramway]] system operates on [[Hong Kong Island]].

==== Rail transit in Macau SAR ====
{{Main|Macau Light Rapid Transit}}

The Macau LRT was first proposed in 2003, but a final go-ahead was not given until a public announcement by the Government of Macau in October 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2018-06-01 |title=Macau Skytrain LTR (Light Rail Transit) |url=https://www.secretmacau.com/macau-skytrain-ltr-light-rail-transit/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Secret Macau |language=en-US}}</ref> The Macau Light Transit System currently operates three lines: the [[Taipa line|Taipa Line]], which connects Taipa (including Macau International Airport), Cotai, and the Macau Peninsula; the [[Hengqin line|Hengqin Line]], a two-station line which connects Hengqin Island to Lotus Station, and the [[Seac Pai Van line|Seac Pai Van Line]], a two-station southern link connecting Union Hospital with Seac Pai Van.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LRT Lines |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/route.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref> The Taipa Line opened on 10 December 2019, while the Seac Pai Van and Hengqin lines opened on 1 November 2024 and 2 December 2024, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-02 |title=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries {{!}} Macau LRT Seac Pai Van and Hengqin Extension Lines Begin Commercial Operations-- Contribute to the Development of Key Transport Infrastructure to Support the Enhancement of Accessibility to a New Residential Area and Mainland China -- |url=https://www.mhi.com/news/241202.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. |language=en}}</ref> The [[East line (Macau LRT)|East Line]], which will connect the eastern terminus of the Taipa Line at Taipa Ferry Terminal with the Macau Peninsula, began construction in 2023 and is expected to open in 2028.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-24 |title=Construction of East Line begins |url=https://www.macaubusiness.com/east-line-construction-begins/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Macau Business |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Fong |first=Kenny |date=2023-12-07 |title=What’s next for Macao’s LRT? |url=https://macaonews.org/features/macau-light-rail-transit-lines-transport-lrt-macao/ |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=Macao News |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=East Line |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/LRTeastline.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref>

As of February 2025, all lines on the LRT use [[Crystal Mover|Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Crystal Mover APM vehicles]] that are two-car trains and fully automated.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-02 |title=MACAU DAILY TIMES - Mitsubishi wins LRT tender |url=http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau/20610-Mitsubishi-wins-LRT-tender.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002051123/http://www.macaudailytimes.com.mo/macau/20610-Mitsubishi-wins-LRT-tender.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-10-02 |access-date=2025-02-16 }}</ref> The car is named Ocean Cruiser.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ocean Cruiser |url=https://www.mlm.com.mo/en/ocean_cruiser.html |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mlm.com.mo}}</ref> All LRT stations are equipped with [[platform screen doors]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wayback Machine |url=https://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e572/e572030.pdf |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20240417054036/https://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e572/e572030.pdf |archive-date=2024-04-17 |access-date=2025-02-16 |website=www.mhi.co.jp}}</ref>