Editing Trafalgar Square (section)

== Fountains ==
[[File:Trafalgar square fountain, June 7 2014.JPG|thumb|Fountain at Trafalgar Square, 2014|alt=Fountain at Trafalgar Square, 2014]]
In 1841, following suggestions from the local paving board, Barry agreed that two fountains should be installed to counteract the effects of reflected heat and glare from the asphalt surface. The First Commissioner of Woods and Forests welcomed the plan because the fountains reduced the open space available for public gatherings and reduced the risk of riotous assembly.{{sfn|Mace|1976|p=87}} The fountains were fed from two wells, one in front of the National Gallery and one behind it connected by a tunnel. Water was pumped to the fountains by a steam engine housed in a building behind the gallery.<ref name=survey />

In the late-1930s it was decided to replace the pump and the centrepieces of the fountains. The new centrepieces, designed by Sir [[Edwin Lutyens]], were memorials to Lord Jellicoe and Lord Beatty, although busts of the admirals, initially intended to be placed in the fountain surrounds were placed against the northern retaining wall when the project was completed after the Second World War.{{sfn|Mace|1976|pp=130–1}} The fountains cost almost £50,000. The original centrepieces were presented to the Canadian government and are now located in [[Ottawa]]'s [[Confederation Park]] and [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]]'s [[Wascana Centre]].<ref name="Guardian 20090529">{{citation|title=Trafalgar Square fountain spurts to new heights|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/may/29/trafalgar-square-fountains-reopen|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 May 2009|location=London|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|access-date=25 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715153136/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/may/29/trafalgar-square-fountains-reopen|archive-date=15 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="GardenFoundation">{{cite web|title=Trafalgar Square fountains|url=http://www.garden-fountain.co.uk/trafalgar.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922082950/http://www.garden-fountain.co.uk/trafalgar.asp|url-status=usurped|archive-date=22 September 2006|year=2003|access-date=16 July 2009}}</ref>

A programme of restoration was completed by {{Nowrap|May 2009}}. The pump system was replaced with one capable of sending an {{convert|80|ft|m|adj=on}} jet of water into the air.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/may/29/trafalgar-square-fountains-reopen|title=Trafalgar Square fountain spurts to new heights|first=Maev|last=Kennedy|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 May 2009|access-date=21 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222130857/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/may/29/trafalgar-square-fountains-reopen|archive-date=22 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> A [[light-emitting diode|LED]] lighting system that can project different combinations of colours on to the fountains was installed to reduce the cost of lighting maintenance and to coincide with the [[2012 Summer Olympics]].<ref name="Guardian 20090529" />