Editing Thulium (section)

==Biological role and precautions==
Soluble thulium salts are mildly [[toxicity|toxic]], but insoluble thulium salts are completely [[nontoxic]].<ref name="history" /> When injected, thulium can cause degeneration of the [[liver]] and [[spleen]] and can also cause [[hemoglobin]] concentration to fluctuate. Liver damage from thulium is more prevalent in male [[Mouse|mice]] than female mice. Despite this, thulium has a low level of toxicity.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ayres |first=D. C. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1301431003 |title=Dictionary of environmentally important chemicals |publisher=CRC Press |others=Desmond Hellier |date=15 February 2022 |isbn=978-1-315-14115-2 |edition=1st |location=United States |pages=299 |language=English |oclc=1301431003}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=A. R. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/880825396 |title=Rare Earth Materials : Properties and Applications. |date=2014 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4665-6403-9 |location=Boca Raton |pages=63 |oclc=880825396}}</ref><!--The following refs don't exactly support the statement here, which needs to be rewritten slightly: <ref>{{cite journal |pmid=1141999 |year=1975 |last1=Hutcheson |first1=D. P. |last2=Gray |first2=D. H. |last3=Venugopal |first3=B. |last4=Luckey |first4=T. D. |title=Studies of nutritional safety of some heavy metals in mice |volume=105 |issue=6 |pages=670–5 |journal=The Journal of Nutrition|doi=10.1093/jn/105.6.670 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0041-008X(63)90014-0 |title=Pharmacology and toxicology of terbium, thulium, and ytterbium chlorides |year=1963 |last1=Haley |first1=Thomas J. |last2=Komesu |first2=N. |last3=Flesher |first3=A. M. |last4=Mavis |first4=L. |last5=Cawthorne |first5=J. |last6=Upham |first6=H. C. |journal=Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=427–436}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/jps.2600540502 |title=Pharmacology and toxicology of the rare earth elements |year=1965 |last1=Haley |first1=Thomas J. |journal=Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences |volume=54 |issue=5 |pages=663–70 |pmid=5321124}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/0041-008X(63)90067-X |title=The acute mammalian toxicity of rare earth nitrates and oxides |year=1963 |last1=Bruce |first1=David W. |last2=Hietbrink |first2=Bernard E. |last3=Dubois |first3=Kenneth P. |journal=Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology |volume=5 |issue=6 |pages=750–759 |pmid=14082480 |bibcode=1963ToxAP...5..750B}}</ref>--> 

In humans, thulium occurs in the highest amounts in the [[liver]], [[kidney]]s, and [[bone]]s. Humans typically consume several micrograms of thulium per year. The roots of [[plant]]s do not take up thulium, and the [[dry matter]] of vegetables usually contains one [[parts per billion|part per billion]] of thulium.<ref name="history" /> Thulium metal has low to moderate toxicity.<ref>{{cite web |author1=<!--not stated--> |title=Thulium |url=https://periodic.lanl.gov/69.shtml |website=Los Alamos National Laboratory |publisher=Triad National Security, LLC |access-date=1 June 2024}}</ref> Thulium [[dust]] can cause [[explosion]]s and [[fires]].<ref>{{cite web |author1=Thermo Fisher Scientific Chemicals, Inc. |title=SAFETY DATA SHEET |url=https://www.fishersci.com/store/msds?partNumber=AA4416803&productDescription=THULIUM+PWR+-40+MESH+99.9%25+1G&vendorId=VN00024248&countryCode=US&language=en |website=fisher scientific |access-date=1 June 2024 |location=Section: 5. Fire-fighting measures |date=28 March 2024}}</ref>