Editing Thermometer (section)

==== Sealed liquid-in-glass thermometer ====
[[File:Termometri cinquantigradi inv 85 IF 46774.jpg|thumb|Fifty-degree thermometers from the mid-17th century on exhibit at the [[Museo Galileo]] with black dots representing single degrees and white represented 10-degree increments; used to measure atmospheric temperatures]]
{{See also|Alcohol thermometer}}
The above instruments suffered from the disadvantage that they were also [[barometer]]s, i.e. sensitive to air pressure. In 1629, [[Joseph Solomon Delmedigo]], a student of Galileo and Santorio in Padua, published what is apparently the first description and illustration of a sealed liquid-in-glass thermometer.  It is described as having a bulb at the bottom of a sealed tube partially filled with brandy.  The tube had a numbered scale. Delmedigo did not claim to have invented this instrument. Nor did he name anyone else as its inventor.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Adler | first1 = Jacob | year = 1997 | title = J. S. Delmedigo and the Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer | journal = Annals of Science | volume = 54 | issue = 3| pages = 293–299 | doi = 10.1080/00033799700200221 }}</ref> In about 1654, [[Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany]] (1610–1670) did produce such an instrument, the first modern-style thermometer, dependent on the expansion of a liquid and independent of air pressure.<ref name="page4" /> Many other scientists experimented with various liquids and designs of thermometer. However, each inventor and each thermometer was unique — there was [[Conversion of units of temperature|no standard scale]].