Editing Taliban (section)

=== Islamic rules under Deobandi philosophy ===
[[File:Darul Uloom Deoband.jpg|thumb|The [[Darul Uloom Deoband]] in Uttar Pradesh, India, where the [[Deobandi movement]] began]]

Written works published by the group's Commission of Cultural Affairs, including ''Islami Adalat'', ''De Mujahid Toorah{{snd}} De Jihad Shari Misalay, and Guidance to the Mujahideen'' outlined the core of the Taliban Islamic Movement's philosophy regarding jihad, sharia, organization, and conduct.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Semple|first=Michael|title=Rhetoric, Ideology, and Organizational Structure of the Taliban Movement|publisher=United States Institute of Peace|year=2014|isbn=978-1-60127-274-4|location=Washington, DC |pages=9–11}}</ref> The Taliban régime interpreted the ''Sharia'' law in accordance with the [[Hanafi]] [[Fiqh|school of Islamic jurisprudence]] and the religious edicts of Mullah Omar.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|pages=37, 42–43}} The Taliban, Mullah Omar in particular, emphasised dreams as a means of revelation.<ref>Roy, Olivier, ''Globalized Islam'', Columbia University Press, 2004, p. 239.</ref><ref>{{cite book|author-link=Steve Coll|last=Coll|first=Steve|title=[[Ghost Wars|Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to 10 September 2001]]|publisher=[[Penguin Group]]|year=2004|isbn=978-1-59420-007-6|pages=288–289}}</ref>

==== Prohibitions ====
The Taliban forbade the consumption of pork and alcohol, the use of many types of consumer technology such as music with instrumental [[accompaniments]],{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|pages=35–36}} television,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|pages=35–36}} filming,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|pages=35–36}} and the Internet, as well as most forms of art such as paintings or photography,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|pages=35–36}} participation in [[sport]]s,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} including [[association football|football]] and [[chess]];{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} [[recreation]]al activities such as [[kite]]-flying and the keeping of pigeons and other pets were also forbidden, and the birds were killed according to the Taliban's rules.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} Movie theatres were closed and repurposed as mosques.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} The celebration of the [[New Year's Day|Western]] and [[Nauroz|Iranian New Years]] was also forbidden.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=36}} Taking photographs and displaying pictures and portraits were also banned because the Taliban considered them forms of [[Idolatry#Islam|idolatry]].{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} This extended even to "blacking out illustrations on packages of baby soap in shops and painting over road-crossing signs for livestock.<ref name="Anderson-2-2022" />

Women were banned from working,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=34}} girls were forbidden to attend schools or universities,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=34}} were required to observe ''[[purdah]]'' (physical separation of the sexes) and ''[[awrah]]'' (concealing the body with clothing), and to be accompanied by male relatives outside their households; those who violated these restrictions were punished.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=34}} Men were forbidden to shave their beards, and they were also required to let them grow and keep them long according to the Taliban's rules, and they were also required to wear turbans outside their households.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=37}}<ref name="cr">{{Cite web |date=4 March 2002 |title=US Country Report on Human Rights Practices – Afghanistan 2001 |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2001/sa/8222.htm |access-date=4 March 2020 |publisher=State.gov}}</ref> [[Salah|Prayer]] was made compulsory. Those men who did not respect the religious obligation after the ''[[Adhan|azaan]]'' were arrested.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=37}} [[Gambling in Islam|Gambling]] was banned,{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=36}} and the Taliban punished thieves by [[Islam and violence#Islam and crime|amputating their hands or feet]].{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=35}} In 2000, the Taliban's leader Mullah Omar officially banned [[Opium production in Afghanistan|opium cultivation]] and drug trafficking in Afghanistan;{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=39}}<ref name="drugpolicy2005">{{Cite journal |last1=Farrell |first1=Graham |last2=Thorne |first2=John |date=March 2005 |title=Where Have All the Flowers Gone?: Evaluation of the Taliban Crackdown Against Opium Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28576871 |journal=[[International Journal of Drug Policy]] |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=16 |issue=2 |pages=81–91 |doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.07.007 |via=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name="Maziyar2019">{{Cite book |last=Ghiabi |first=Maziyar |title=Drugs Politics: Managing Disorder in the Islamic Republic of Iran |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-108-47545-7 |location=[[Cambridge]] |pages=101–102 |chapter=Crisis as an Idiom for Reforms |lccn=2019001098 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HoOWDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA101}}</ref> the Taliban succeeded in nearly eradicating the majority of the opium production (99%) by 2001.<ref name="drugpolicy2005" /><ref name="Maziyar2019" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afghanistan, Opium and the Taliban |url=http://opioids.com/afghanistan/index.html |access-date=4 March 2020 |archive-date=8 November 2001 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011108055954/http://opioids.com/afghanistan/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> During the Taliban's governance of Afghanistan, drug users and dealers were both severely persecuted.{{sfn|Matinuddin|1999|page=39}}

==== Views on the Bamyan Buddhas ====
[[File:Taller Buddha of Bamiyan before and after destruction.jpg|thumb|right|Taller Buddha in 1963 and in 2008 after destruction]]

In 1999, Mullah Omar issued a decree in which he called for the protection of the [[Buddhas of Bamiyan|Buddha statues]] at [[Bamyan]], two 6th-century monumental statues of standing [[buddha]]s which were carved into the side of a cliff in the Bamyan valley in the [[Hazarajat]] region of central Afghanistan. But in March 2001, the Taliban destroyed the statues, following a decree by Mullah Omar, which stated: "All the statues around Afghanistan must be destroyed."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harding |first=Luke |date=3 March 2001 |title=How the Buddha got his wounds |work=The Guardian |location=London |url=https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4145138,00.html |access-date=27 August 2010}}</ref>

Yahya Massoud, brother of the anti-Taliban and resistance leader [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]], recalls the following incident after the destruction of the Buddha statues at Bamyan:

{{blockquote|It was the spring of 2001. I was in Afghanistan's Panjshir Valley, together with my brother [[Ahmad Shah Massoud]], the leader of the Afghan resistance against the Taliban, and Bismillah Khan, who currently serves as Afghanistan's interior minister. One of our commanders, Commandant Momin, wanted us to see 30 Taliban fighters who had been taken hostage after a gun battle. My brother agreed to meet them.

I remember that his first question concerned the centuries-old Buddha statues that were dynamited by the Taliban in March of that year, shortly before our encounter. Two Taliban combatants from Kandahar confidently responded that worshiping anything outside of Islam was unacceptable and that therefore these statues had to be destroyed. My brother looked at them and said, this time in Pashto, 'There are still many sun- worshippers in this country. Will you also try to get rid of the sun and drop darkness over the Earth?'<ref>{{Cite news |last=Massoud |first=Yahya |date=July 2010 |title=Afghans Can Win This War |work=Foreign Policy |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/07/30/afghans_can_win_this_war |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110042810/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/07/30/afghans_can_win_this_war |archive-date=January 10, 2011}}</ref>}}

==== Views on ''bacha bazi'' ====
{{Main|Bacha bazi}}
{{further|LGBT in Islam}}

The Afghan custom of ''[[bacha bazi]]'', a form of [[Pederasty|pederastic]] [[sexual slavery]], [[child sexual abuse]] and [[pedophilia]] which is traditionally practiced in various provinces of Afghanistan between older men and young adolescent "dancing boys", was also forbidden under the six-year rule of the Taliban régime.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McFate |first=Montgomery |title=Military Anthropology: Soldiers, Scholars and Subjects at the Margins of Empire |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2018 |isbn=978-0-19-068017-6 |location=New York City |page=334 |chapter=Conclusion |doi=10.1093/oso/9780190680176.003.0009 |quote=The Taliban outlawed ''bacha bazi'' during their six year-reign in Afghanistan, but as soon as the U.S. overthrew the Taliban, newly-empowered mujahideen warlords rekindled the practice of ''bacha bazi''. |author-link=Montgomery McFate |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=owFgDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA334}}</ref> Under the rule of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, it carried the [[Capital punishment in Islam|death penalty]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2021 |title=What About the Boys: A Gendered Analysis of the U.S. Withdrawal and Bacha Bazi in Afghanistan |url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/afghanistan/what-about-the-boys-a-gendered-analysis-of-the-u-s-withdrawal-and-bacha-bazi-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=Newlines Institute}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bacha bazi: Afghanistan's darkest secret |url=https://humanrights.brightblue.org.uk/blog-1/2017/8/18/bacha-bazi-afghanistans-darkest-secret |access-date=18 August 2021 |website=Human Rights and discrimination |date=18 August 2017 |archive-date=22 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822052916/https://humanrights.brightblue.org.uk/blog-1/2017/8/18/bacha-bazi-afghanistans-darkest-secret |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The practice remained illegal during the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's rule, but the laws were seldom enforced against powerful offenders, and [[Afghan police|police]] had reportedly been complicit in related crimes.<ref>Quraishi, Najibullah [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/dancingboys/view/ Uncovering the world of "bacha bazi"] at ''[[The New York Times]]'' 20 April 2010</ref><ref name="ABCfeb2010">Bannerman, Mark [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-02-22/the-warlords-tune-afghanistans-war-on-children/338920 The Warlord's Tune: Afghanistan's war on children] at [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] 22 February 2010</ref><ref name="theweek">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2020 |title=Bacha bazi: the scandal of Afghanistan's abused boys |work=The Week |url=https://www.theweek.co.uk/105442/bacha-bazi-the-scandal-of-afghanistan-s-abused-boys |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=25 December 2019 |title=Afghanistan must end the practice of bacha bazi, the sexual abuse of boys |work=European Interest |url=https://www.europeaninterest.eu/article/afghanistan-must-end-practice-bacha-bazi-sexual-abuse-boys/ |access-date=16 April 2020}}</ref> A controversy arose during the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan's rule, after allegations surfaced that US government forces in Afghanistan after the invasion of the country deliberately ignored ''bacha bazi''.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Joseph |date=20 September 2015 |title=U.S. Soldiers Told to Ignore Sexual Abuse of Boys by Afghan Allies |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/world/asia/us-soldiers-told-to-ignore-afghan-allies-abuse-of-boys.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921164708/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/world/asia/us-soldiers-told-to-ignore-afghan-allies-abuse-of-boys.html |archive-date=21 September 2015 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |access-date=24 January 2018 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The US military responded by claiming the abuse was largely the responsibility of the "local Afghan government".<ref name="Washington Post 09/15">{{Cite news |last=Londoño |first=Ernesto |title=Afghanistan sees rise in 'dancing boys' exploitation |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/afganistans-dancing-boys-are-invisible-victims/2012/04/04/gIQAyreSwS_story.html?tid=pm_world_pop_b |access-date=24 September 2015 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The Taliban has criticized the US role in the abuse of Afghan children.