Editing Tagalog language (section)

===Consonants===
Below is a chart of Tagalog consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The [[velar nasal]] occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word. Loanword variants using these phonemes are italicized inside the angle brackets.

{| class="wikitable" style=text-align:center

|+Tagalog consonant phonemes<ref name=ELL/><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moran |first1=Steven |last2=McCloy |first2=Daniel |last3=Wright |first3=Richard |date=2012 |title=Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2012.0087 |journal=Language |volume=88 |issue=4 |pages=877–893 |doi=10.1353/lan.2012.0087 |hdl=1773/25269 |s2cid=145423518 |issn=1535-0665 |hdl-access=free |access-date=June 13, 2022 |archive-date=April 27, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240427092646/https://muse.jhu.edu/article/492552 |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |
! <small>[[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]</small>
! <small>[[Alveolar consonant|Alv.]]</small>/<small>[[Dental consonant|Dental]]</small>
! <small>[[Postalveolar consonant|Post-alv.]]/</small><br><small>[[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]</small>
! <small>[[Velar consonant|Velar]]</small>
! <small>[[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]</small>
|-
! colspan="2" | <small>[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]</small>
| {{IPA link|m}}
| {{IPA link|n}}
|
| {{IPA link|ŋ}} {{anglebracket|ng}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>[[Stop consonant|Stop]]</small>
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
| {{IPA link|p}}
| {{IPA link|t}}
|
| {{IPA link|k}}
| {{IPA link|ʔ}}
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|{{IPA link|b}}
|{{IPA link|d}}
|
|{{IPA link|ɡ}}
|
|-
! rowspan="2" | <small>[[Affricate consonant|Affricate]]</small>
!<small>[[Voicelessness|voiceless]]</small>
|
| ({{IPA link|ts}})
| ({{IPA link|tʃ}}) {{anglebracket|ts, tiy, ty}} 
|
|
|-
!<small>[[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</small>
|
| ({{IPA link|dz}})
| ({{IPA link|dʒ}}) {{anglebracket|dz, diy, dy}}
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" | <small>[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|s}}
|({{IPA link|ʃ}}) {{anglebracket|siy, sy, ''sh''}}
|
| {{IPA link|h}} {{anglebracket|h}}
|-
! colspan="2" | <small>[[Approximant consonant|Approximant]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|l}}
| {{IPA link|j}} {{anglebracket|y}}
| {{IPA link|w}}
|
|-
! colspan="2" | <small>[[Rhotic consonant|Rhotic]]</small>
|
| {{IPA link|ɾ}} {{anglebracket|r}}
|
|
|
|}
*{{IPA|/k/}} between vowels has a tendency to become {{IPA|[x]}} as in ''loch'', German ''Bach'', whereas in the initial position it has a tendency to become {{IPA|[kx]}}, especially in the Manila dialect.
*Intervocalic {{IPA|/ɡ/}} and {{IPA|/k/}} tend to become {{IPA|[ɰ]}}, as in Spanish ''agua'', especially in the Manila dialect.
*{{IPA|/ɾ/}} and {{IPA|/d/}} were once allophones, and they still vary grammatically, with initial {{IPA|/d/}} becoming intervocalic {{IPA|/ɾ/}} in many words.<ref name=ELL/>
*A glottal stop that occurs in [[pausa]] (before a pause) is omitted when it is in the middle of a phrase,<ref name=ELL/> especially in the Metro Manila area. The vowel it follows is then lengthened. However, it is preserved in many other dialects.
*The {{IPA|/ɾ/}} phoneme is an alveolar rhotic that has a free variation between a trill, a flap and an approximant ({{IPA|[r~ɾ~ɹ]}}).
*The {{IPA|/dʒ/}} phoneme may become a consonant cluster {{IPA|[dd͡ʒ]}} in between vowels such as ''sadyâ'' {{IPA|[sɐdˈd͡ʒäʔ]}}.

Glottal stop is not indicated.<ref name="ELL" /> Glottal stops are most likely to occur when:
*the word starts with a vowel, like '''''a'''so'' (dog)
*the word includes a dash followed by a vowel, like ''mag-'''a'''ral'' (study)
*the word has two vowels next to each other, like ''pa'''a'''no'' (how)
*the word starts with a prefix followed by a verb that starts with a vowel, like ''mag-aayos'' ([will] fix)