Editing Strike action (section)

===France===
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2021}}[[File:La grève des mineurs du Pas-de-Calais, 1906.jpg|thumb|Strike in [[Pas-de-Calais]] (1906)]]

[[File:Display of demands during the 2016 Verisure strike in Châtenay-Malabry - NAO - 2016-03-31.jpg|thumb|Display of demands during a strike in 2016 at [[Verisure]], a French security company]]

In [[France]], the first law aimed at limiting the ability of workers to take collective action was the [[Le Chapelier Law]], passed by the [[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly]] on 14 June 1791 and which introduced the "crime of coalition." In his speech in support of the law, the titular author [[Isaac René Guy le Chapelier]] explained that it "must be without a doubt permitted for all citizens to assemble," but he maintained that it "must not be permitted for citizens from certain professions to assemble for their so-called common interests."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7I9AAAAYAAJ |title=Réimpression de l'Ancien Moniteur |year=1841 |location=Paris |page=661 |language=fr}}</ref>

Strike actions were specifically banned with the passage of [[Napoleon]]'s [[French Penal Code of 1810]]. Article 415 of the Code declared that participants in an attempted strike action would be subject to an imprisonment of between one and three months and that the organizers of the attempted strike action would be subject to an imprisonment of between two and five years.<ref>{{Cite web |title=France: Penal Code of 1810 |url=https://www.napoleon-series.org/research/government/france/penalcode/c_penalcode3b.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.napoleon-series.org}}</ref>

The right to strike under the current [[French Fifth Republic]] has been recognized and guaranteed by the [[French Constitution of 27 October 1946#Preamble|Preamble to the French Constitution of 27 October 1946]] ever since the [[Constitutional Council (France)|Constitutional Council]]'s 1971 [[Décision Liberté d'association|decision on the freedom of association]] recognized that document as being invested with constitutional value.

A "minimum service" during strikes in public transport was a promise of [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] during his campaign for the French presidential election. A law "on social dialogue and continuity of public service in regular terrestrial transports of passengers" was adopted on 12 August 2007, and it took effect on 1 January 2008.