Editing Standard German (section)

==Loanwords from Standard German to English==
{{main|List of German expressions in English}}

English has taken many [[loanword]]s from German, often without any change of spelling (aside from frequently eliminating [[Diaeresis (diacritic)|umlauts]] and not [[#Noun inflection|capitalizing nouns]]):
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#FFDEAD;"
! German word
! English loanword
! Definition of German word
|-
| {{lang|de|abseilen}} (v.) || [[abseil]] || to descend by rope / to fastrope
|-
| {{lang|de|Angst}} || [[angst]] || fear
|-
| {{lang|de|Ansatz}} || [[ansatz]] || onset / entry / math / approach
|-
| {{lang|de|Anschluß/Anschluss}} || [[Anschluss]] || connection / access / annexation
|-
| {{lang|de|Automat}} || [[automat]] || automation / machine
|-
| {{lang|de|Bildungsroman}} || [[bildungsroman]] || novel concerned with the personal development or education of the protagonist
|-
| {{lang|de|Blitzkrieg}} || [[blitzkrieg]], ''shortend'' [[wikt:blitz|blitz]] || {{literally|lightning war}}: military strategy
|-
| {{lang|de|Bratwurst}} || [[bratwurst]] || fried sausage
|-
| {{lang|de|Delikatessen}} || [[delicatessen]] || delicious food items
|-
| {{lang|de|Dirndl}} || [[dirndl]] ||lit. "young woman": type of feminine dress
|-
| {{lang|de|Doppelgänger}} || [[doppelganger|doppelgänger]] || lit. "double going / living person alive", look-alike of somebody
|-
| {{lang|de|Dramaturg}} || [[dramaturge]] || professional position within a theatre or opera company that deals mainly with research and development of plays or operas
|-
| {{lang|de|Edelweiß}} or {{lang|de-ch|Edelweiss}} (Swiss spelling) || [[edelweiss]] || edelweiss flower
|-
| {{lang|de|Ersatz}} || [[ersatz]] || lit. "replacement", typically used to refer to an inferior substitute for a desired substance or item
|-
| {{lang|de|Fest}} || fest || feast / celebration
|-
| {{lang|de|Flugabwehrkanone}} || [[flak]] || lit. "flight defence gun": anti-aircraft gun, abbreviated as FlaK
|-
| {{lang|de|Frankfurter}} || [[Frankfurter Würstchen|frankfurt(er)]] || [[demonym]] of [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]]
|-
| {{lang|de|Gedankenexperiment}} || [[gedankenexperiment]] || thought experiment
|-
| {{lang|de|Geländesprung}} || geländesprung || ski jumping for distance on alpine equipment
|-
| {{lang|de|Gemütlichkeit}} || [[gemütlichkeit]] || snug feeling, cosiness, good nature, geniality
|-
| {{lang|de|Gestalt}} || [[wikt:Gestalt|gestalt]] || form or shape / creature / scheme; a concept of 'wholeness' ([[Etymology|etymologically]] ''die [[wikt:Gestalt#German|Gestalt]]'' comes from the [[past participle]] of Old High German ''[[wikt:stellen#Old High German|stellen]]'' used as a [[noun]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.duden.de/rechtschreibung/Gestalt |title=Gestalt |date=2017 |publisher=[[Duden]]&nbsp;/ Bibliographisches Institut GmbH. |access-date=20 September 2017 |quote=mittelhochdeutsch gestalt = Aussehen, Beschaffenheit; Person, Substantivierung von: gestalt, althochdeutsch gistalt, 2. Partizip von stellen.}}</ref>
|-
| {{lang|de|Gesundheit!}} || Gesundheit! (Amer.) || health / bless you! (when someone sneezes)
|-
| {{lang|de|Glockenspiel}} || [[glockenspiel]] || percussion instrument
|-
| {{lang|de|Hamburger}} || [[hamburger]] & other burgers || [[demonym]] of [[Hamburg]]
|-
| {{lang|de|Heiligenschein}} || [[heiligenschein]] || lit. "saints' light": halo (as a religious term)
|-
| {{lang|de|Hinterland}} || [[hinterland]] || lit. "(military) area behind the front-line": interior / backwoods
|-
| {{lang|de|kaputt}} || [[wikt:kaput|kaput]] || out of order, not working
|-
| {{lang|de|Katzenjammer}} || [[wikt:Katzenjammer|katzenjammer]] || lit. "cats' lament": hangover, crapulence
|-
| {{lang|de|Kindergarten}} || [[kindergarten]] || lit. "children's garden"&nbsp;– nursery or preschool
|-
| {{lang|de|Kitsch}} || [[kitsch]] || fake art, something produced exclusively for sale
|-
| {{lang|de|Kobold}} || [[kobold]], [[cobalt]]  || small supernatural being
|-
| {{lang|de|Kraut}} ''or'' {{lang|de|Sauerkraut}} || [[kraut|kraut, Kraut]] || herb, cabbage ''or'' pickled cabbage
|-
| {{lang|de|Kulturkampf}} || [[kulturkampf]] || cultural war
|-
| {{lang|de|Leitmotiv}} || [[leitmotif]] || guiding theme (the verb {{lang|de|leiten}} means "to guide, to lead")
|-
| {{lang|de|Nationalsozialismus}} ''or'' {{lang|de|Nationalsozialist}} || [[nazi]] || national socialism ''or'' national socialist
|-
| {{lang|de|Nixe}} || [[Nixie (folklore)|nixie]] || water spirit
|-
| {{lang|de|Panzer}} || [[panzer]] || lit. "armour": tank
|-
| {{lang|de|plündern}} (v.) || [[plunder|to plunder]] || lit. "taking goods by force" (original meaning "to take away furniture" shifted in German and both borrowed by English during the [[Thirty Years' War]])
|-
| {{lang|de|Poltergeist}} || [[poltergeist]] || lit. "rumbling ghost"
|-
| {{lang|de|Realpolitik}} || [[realpolitik]] || diplomacy based on practical objectives rather than ideals
|-
| {{lang|de|Reich}} || [[Reich]] || empire or realm
|-
| {{lang|de|Rucksack}} || [[rucksack]] || backpack ({{lang|de|Ruck}} → {{lang|de|Rücken}} which means "back")
|-
| {{lang|de|Sauerkraut}} || [[sauerkraut]] || shredded and salted cabbage fermented in its own juice
|-
| {{lang|de|Schadenfreude}} || [[schadenfreude]] || taking pleasure in someone else's misfortune, gloating
|-
| {{lang|de|Spiel}} || [[wikt:spiel|spiel]] || lit. "game / play": sales pitch / lengthy speech with the intent to persuade
|-
| {{lang|de|Sprachbund}} || [[sprachbund]] || linguistic term, lit. "language alliance": area of linguistic convergence
|-
| {{lang|de|Sprachraum}} || [[sprachraum]] || linguistic term, lit. "place/area/room of a language": area where a certain language is spoken
|-
| {{lang|de|Strudel}} || [[strudel]] || lit. "whirlpool": kind of pastry
|-
| {{lang|de|Unterseeboot}} || [[U-boat]] || lit. "under sea boat": submarine, abbreviated as {{lang|de|U-Boot}}
|-
| {{lang|de|über}} (prep.) || [[Über#In English|uber]] || over, above
|-
| {{lang|de|Übermensch}} || [[übermensch]] || superhuman, "overhuman"
|-
| {{lang|de|Vampir}} || [[vampire]] || dead person that feeds on the living 
|-
| {{lang|de|verklemmt}} (adj.) || verklemmt (Amer.) || lit. "jammed": inhibited, uptight
|-
| {{lang|de|Waldsterben}} || [[waldsterben]] || lit. "forest dieback", dying floral environment
|-
| {{lang|de|Wanderlust}} || [[wanderlust]] || desire, pleasure, or inclination to travel or walk
|-
| {{lang|de|Wasserscheide}} || watershed || lit. "water division": [[drainage divide]]
|-
| {{lang|de|Weltanschauung}} || [[weltanschauung]] || lit. "perception of the world": worldview
|-
| {{lang|de|Wunderkind}} || [[wunderkind]] || lit. "wonder child": child prodigy, whiz kid
|-
| {{lang|de|Zeitgeist}} || [[zeitgeist]] || lit. "spirit of the times": the spirit of the age; the trend at that time
|-
| {{lang|de|Zeitnot}} || [[zeitnot]] || chess term, {{literally|time trouble}}
|-
| {{lang|de|Zugzwang}} || [[zugzwang]] || chess term, lit. "compulsion to move"
|-
| {{lang|de|Zwischenzug}} || [[zwischenzug]] || chess term, lit. "intermediate move" 
|}