Editing Spectroscopy (section)

== Applications ==
[[File:UVES on UT2-KUEYEN.jpg|thumb|UVES is a high-resolution spectrograph on the [[Very Large Telescope]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Media advisory: Press Conference to Announce Major Result from Brazilian Astronomers|url=http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann13066/|access-date=21 August 2013|newspaper=ESO Announcement}}</ref> ]]

There are several applications of spectroscopy in the fields of medicine, physics, chemistry, and astronomy.  Taking advantage of the properties of [[absorbance]] and with [[astronomy emission]], spectroscopy can be used to identify certain states of nature.  The uses of spectroscopy in so many different fields and for so many different applications has caused specialty scientific subfields. Such examples include:
* Determining the atomic structure of a sample<ref name="Bowers">
 {{cite book
  | title = Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS: 1802–1875
  | edition = 2nd
  | author = Brian Bowers
  | publisher = IET
  | date = 2001
  | isbn = 978-0-85296-103-2
  | pages = 207–208
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=m65tKWiI-MkC&q=Wheatstone+spectrum+analysis+metals&pg=PA208
 }}</ref>
* Studying spectral emission lines of the sun and distant galaxies<ref name="Brand 57">
 {{cite book
  | title = Lines of Light: The Sources of Dispersive Spectroscopy, 1800 – 1930
  | last = Brand
  | first = John C. D.
  | publisher = Gordon and Breach Publishers
  | date = 1995
  | isbn = 978-2884491624
  | page = 57
 }}</ref>
* Space exploration
* [[Cure monitoring]] of [[Composite material|composites]] using [[optical fibers]].
* Estimating weathered wood exposure times using near infrared spectroscopy.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=WTCE 2006 – 9th World Conference on Timber Engineering|url=http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wang002.pdf|title=Using NIR Spectroscopy to Predict Weathered Wood Exposure Times|year=2006|first1=Xiping|last1=Wang|first2=James P.|last2=Wacker|access-date=2009-06-22|archive-date=2021-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301171119/https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2006/fpl_2006_wang002.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Measurement of different compounds in [[food sampling|food samples]] by absorption spectroscopy both in visible and infrared spectrum.
* Measurement of toxic compounds in blood samples
* Non-destructive elemental analysis by [[X-ray fluorescence]].
* Electronic structure research with various spectroscopes.
* [[Redshift]] to determine the [[speed]] and [[velocity]] of a distant object
* Determining the metabolic structure of a muscle
* Monitoring dissolved oxygen content in freshwater and marine ecosystems
* Altering the structure of drugs to improve effectiveness
* Characterization of proteins
* Respiratory gas analysis in hospitals<ref name="auto"/>
* Finding the physical properties of a distant star or nearby exoplanet using the [[Relativistic Doppler effect]].<ref>{{Cite journal|bibcode = 1968JRASC..62..105S|title = The Relativistic Doppler Effect|last1 = Sher|first1 = D.|journal = Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada|year = 1968|volume = 62|page = 105}}</ref>
* [[In-ovo sexing]]: spectroscopy allows to determine the sex of the egg while it is hatching. Developed by French and German companies, both countries decided to ban [[chick culling]], mostly done through a macerator, in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsendip.com/germany-and-france-will-stop-chick-culling/|title=Germany and France Will Stop Chick Culling|date=22 July 2021}}</ref>
* Process monitoring  in [[Industrial process control]]<ref name="grauluque2021">{{cite journal |last1=Grau-Luque |first1=Enric |last2=Guc |first2=Maxim |last3=Becerril-Romero |first3=Ignacio |last4=Izquierdo-Roca |first4=Víctor |last5=Pérez-Rodríguez |first5=Alejandro |last6=Bolt |first6=Pieter |last7=Van den Bruele |first7=Fieke |last8=Ruhle |first8=Ulfert |title=Thickness evaluation of AlO x barrier layers for encapsulation of flexible PV modules in industrial environments by normal reflectance and machine learning |journal=Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications |date=March 2022 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=229–239 |doi=10.1002/pip.3478 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pip.3478 |language=en |issn=1062-7995}}</ref>