Editing Sheriff (section)

==Oceania==
===Australia===
{{Main|Law enforcement in Australia}}

A sheriff's office exists in most [[States and territories of Australia|Australian states and territories]], with various duties.

* Before 1824, prisons in the British [[penal colony]] of [[New South Wales]] were overseen by the [[provost marshal]]. This title/position was replaced by that of sheriff when a ''charter of justice'' was [[proclamation|proclaimed]] in 1824.<ref name="O'Toole">Sean O'Toole, ''The History of Australian Corrections'' (University of New South Wales Press, 2006) p. 48.</ref> In addition to detaining accused criminals awaiting trial, the sheriff executed [[death sentence]]s and other sentences, controlled [[gaol]]s, and handled prison movements, including the [[chain gang]]s that worked on [[Goat Island (Port Jackson)|Goat Island]] and in [[Sydney]].<ref name="O'Toole"/>  In 1867, the sheriff began to be replaced by an independent prisons department, led by an [[inspector general]], which was later renamed [[Comptroller General|comptroller general]]. Most Australian states adopted this mode of prison oversight for many years.<ref name="O'Toole"/> In New South Wales, the office of the sheriff is part of Courts and Tribunal Services. The office has more than 400 employees at 58 sheriffs' offices.  In addition to enforcing [[writ]]s, warrants, and property seizure orders issued by New South Wales courts and [[tribunal]]s, the office of the sheriff also provides court security and administers the state's [[jury]] service.<ref>[http://www.courts.justice.nsw.gov.au/Pages/cats/catscorporate_aboutus/catscorporate_officeofsheriff/catscorporate_officeofsheriff.aspx Office of the Sheriff of New South Wales], [[Government of New South Wales]] (accessed August 20, 2016).</ref>
* In [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], the sheriff's office is part of the Victoria Department of Justice and Regulation. The office enforces [[Warrant (law)|warrant]]s and orders issued by [[Australian court hierarchy|Victoria courts]] dealing with unpaid [[fine (penalty)|fine]]s (in criminal matters) and unpaid [[money judgment]]s (in civil matters).<ref>[https://www.justice.vic.gov.au/justice-system/sheriffs-in-victoria Sheriffs in Victoria], Victoria Department of Justice and Regulation (accessed August 20, 2016).</ref> The Victoria sheriff's office has various enforcement powers against [[judgment debtor]]s; they may seize and sell a debtor's assets to satisfy a judgment, place a [[wheel clamp]] on a debtor's car, or direct [[VicRoads]] to suspend a debtor's [[Driving licence in Australia|driver's license]] or [[Vehicle registration plates of Australia|vehicle registration]].<ref>[https://www.justice.vic.gov.au/justice-system/sheriffs-in-victoria/sheriff-enforcement-powers Sheriff enforcement powers], Victoria Department of Justice and Regulation (accessed August 20, 2016).</ref>
* The Sheriff of Western Australia – also known as the Sheriff of the [[Supreme Court of Western Australia|Supreme Court]], Marshal of the [[Family Court of Western Australia|Family Court]] and Marshal of the [[Federal Court of Australia|Federal Court]] in Western Australia – is an officer of those courts, as well as the [[District Court of Western Australia|District Court]] and the [[Magistrates Court of Western Australia|Magistrates Court]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ar.dotag.wa.gov.au/S/sheriff_of_western_australia.aspx?uid=1350-3819-6245-4389|title=Sheriff of Western Australia|first=Department of the Attorney|last=General|date=10 October 2023 }}</ref> The Sheriff has two main roles.
** ''Enforcement services'': managing the [[Service of process|serving]] of court documents, including summonses, and the execution of writs, warrants and orders to recover unpaid fines or debts resulting from court judgments; as such, the Sheriff is also responsible for the appointment of bailiffs – who carry out the above services on behalf of the sheriff.
** ''Jury services'': preparing jury books, which list people potentially available for jury duty, within 17 jury districts in Western Australia, as well as actually summoning people to act as jurors in the Supreme and District courts. The sheriff also investigates any failure by jurors to attend court and also has responsibility for the day-to-day management of juries sitting in the [[Perth metropolitan area]].

===New Zealand===
{{Main|Sheriffs in New Zealand}}

Sheriffs in New Zealand are officers of the Superior Courts and function as the executive arm of these courts. The role of sheriff is automatically given to anyone who has gained the position of Registrar of the High Court.