Editing Sheffield (section)

==Geography==
{{Main|Geography of Sheffield}}
[[File:Sheffield City Centre Panorama - geograph.org.uk - 1930479.jpg|700px|thumb|Sheffield panorama]]

Sheffield is located at {{coord|53.38297|-1.4659|format=dms|region:GB-SHF_type:city_source:wikidata|display=inline}}. It lies directly beside [[Rotherham]], from which it is separated largely by the [[M1 motorway]]. Although [[Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley|Barnsley Metropolitan Borough]] also borders Sheffield to the north, the town itself is a few miles further away. The southern and western borders of the city are shared with [[Derbyshire]]; in the first half of the 20th&nbsp;century Sheffield extended its borders south into Derbyshire, annexing a number of villages,<ref name="derbyshire_expansion">{{cite web |url=http://mdfs.net/Docs/Sheffield/Borders/ |title=The borders of Sheffield from 1843 to 1994 |access-date=26 December 2005 |last=Harston |first=Jonathan&nbsp;G. |year=2005 |publisher=MDFS |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060327011104/http://www.mdfs.net/Docs/Sheffield/Borders/ |archive-date=27 March 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> including [[Totley]], [[Dore, South Yorkshire|Dore]] and the area now known as [[Mosborough]] Townships. 
[[File:Rivelin Valley - geograph.org.uk - 171316.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rivelin Valley|[[Rivelin Valley]]]]
Sheffield is a geographically diverse city.<ref name="GEO_diverse">{{cite web |url=http://www.greenstructureplanning.eu/COSTC11/sheffield.htm |title=Greenstructure and Urban Planning – Case Study – Sheffield, UK |access-date=17 July 2010 |work=Greenstructures and Urban Planning |publisher=European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071229084359/http://www.map21ltd.com/COSTC11/sheffield-case.htm |archive-date=29 December 2007}}</ref> It nestles in the eastern foothills of the [[Pennines]],<ref>{{cite web |title=A Short History of Sheffield |url=https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/dam/sheffield/docs/libraries-and-archives/archives-and-local-studies/research/Short-History--PDF--428-KB-.pdf |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820100137/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/dam/sheffield/docs/libraries-and-archives/archives-and-local-studies/research/Short-History--PDF--428-KB-.pdf |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> between the main upland range and [[Peak District|Peak District National Park]] to the west, and the lower-lying [[South Yorkshire Coalfield]] to the east. It lies at the confluence of five rivers: [[River Don, South Yorkshire|Don]], [[River Sheaf|Sheaf]], [[River Rivelin|Rivelin]], [[River Loxley|Loxley]] and [[Porter Brook|Porter]]. As such, much of the city is built on hillsides with views into the city centre or out to the countryside. Blake Street, in the S6 postcode area, is the third-steepest residential street in England, with a gradient of 16.6°.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38568893 |title=Where is England's steepest street? |last=Meierhans |first=Jennifer |date=19 March 2017 |work=BBC News |access-date=19 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319021931/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-38568893 |archive-date=19 March 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> The highest point in the City of Sheffield is {{cvt|548|m|0}} near [[High Stones]] and [[Margery Hill]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Bathurst |first=David |year=2012 |title=Walking the county high points of England |location=Chichester |publisher=Summersdale |isbn=978-1-84-953239-6 |pages=192–201}}</ref> The city's lowest point is just {{cvt|29|m|0}} above sea level near [[Blackburn Meadows]]. However, 79% of the housing in the city is between {{cvt|100|and|200|m}} above sea level<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.map21ltd.com/COSTC11/arb-sheff.htm |title=Sheffield Metropolitan District – Major Greenspace and other Land Use Statistics |last=Beer |first=A.&nbsp;R. |year=2000 |work=Greenstructure and Greenspace in Urban Planning |publisher=Map21 Ltd. |access-date=19 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080104062412/http://www.map21ltd.com/COSTC11/arb-sheff.htm |archive-date=4 January 2008}}</ref> and the highest residential street is Redmires Lane at {{cvt|302|m|0}}.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kessen |first=David |title=Highest streets in Sheffield: These are the four sky-scraping city streets closest to the clouds |url=https://www.thestar.co.uk/news/environment/highest-streets-in-sheffield-these-are-the-four-sky-scraping-city-streets-closest-to-the-clouds-4744634 |access-date=1 September 2024 |work=The Star |date=16 August 2024}}</ref> This variation of altitudes across Sheffield has led to frequent claims, particularly among locals, that the city was built on Seven Hills. As this claim is disputed, it likely originated as a joke referencing the [[Seven Hills of Rome]].<ref name="number of hills">It is often stated that Sheffield is built on seven hills (for an example, see [[George Orwell]]'s ''[[The Road to Wigan Pier]]''). However, [http://mdfs.net/Docs/Sheffield/Hills/ a study by J.G.Harston] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225034634/http://mdfs.net/Docs/Sheffield/Hills/ |date=25 February 2011 }} found there to be eight.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The myth surrounding the seven hills of Sheffield and if they actually exist |url=https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/local-news/do-sheffield-seven-hills-exist-17962063 |website=Yorkshire Live |date=28 March 2020 |access-date=10 November 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515230225/https://www.examinerlive.co.uk/news/local-news/do-sheffield-seven-hills-exist-17962063 |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Gleadless Valley view.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Rivelin Valley|[[Gleadless]] Valley, demonstrating the hilly terrain within the city]]
Estimated to contain around 4.5&nbsp;million trees,<ref name="GEO_treecount"/> Sheffield has more trees per person than any other city in Europe and is considered to be one of the greenest cities in England and the UK,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/out--about/tourist-information/visitor-attractions/green-spaces-gardens |title=Gardens and Open Spaces |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=28 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611231238/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/out--about/tourist-information/visitor-attractions/green-spaces-gardens |archive-date=11 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="The four best UK cities for green space">{{cite web |title=The four best UK cities for green space |url=https://strike.co.uk/latest-news/the-four-best-uk-cities-for-green-space |website=Strike |access-date=3 February 2021 |archive-date=23 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123172608/https://strike.co.uk/latest-news/the-four-best-uk-cities-for-green-space |url-status=live }}</ref> which was further reinforced when it won the 2005 [[Entente Florale]] competition. With more than 250 parks, woodlands and gardens, it has over 170&nbsp;woodlands (covering {{cvt|10.91|mi2|km2|1|disp=or}}), 78&nbsp;public parks (covering {{cvt|7.07|mi2|km2|1|disp=or}}) and 10&nbsp;public gardens. Added to the {{cvt|52.0|mi2|1}} of national park and {{cvt|4.20|mi2|1}} of water this means that 61% of the city is [[open space reserve|greenspace]]. Despite this, about 64% of Sheffield householders live further than {{cvt|300|m|yd|0}} from their nearest greenspace, although access is better in less affluent neighbourhoods across the city.<ref name="sheffgeog"/><ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.04.004 |last1=Barbosa |first1=O. |last2=Tratalos |first2=Jamie&nbsp;A. |last3=Armsworth |first3=Paul&nbsp;R. |last4=Davies |first4=Richard&nbsp;G. |last5=Fuller |first5=Richard&nbsp;A. |last6=Johnson |first6=Pat |last7=Gaston |first7=Kevin&nbsp;J. |year=2007 |title=Who benefits from access to green space? A case study from Sheffield, UK. |journal=Landscape and Urban Planning |volume=83 |issue=2–3 |pages=187–195|bibcode=2007LUrbP..83..187B }}</ref> Sheffield also has a very wide variety of [[habitat]], comparing favourably with any city in the United Kingdom: urban, parkland and woodland, agricultural and arable land, moors, meadows and freshwater-based habitats. There are six areas within the city that are designated as [[List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in South Yorkshire|sites of special scientific interest]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/out--about/parks-woodlands--countryside/trees--woodlands/about-the-trees--woodlands-section |title=About Us – Trees & Woodlands Section |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=21 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100209051213/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/out--about/parks-woodlands--countryside/trees--woodlands/about-the-trees--woodlands-section |archive-date=9 February 2010}}</ref>

The present city boundaries were set in 1974 (with slight modification in 1994), when the former [[county borough]] of Sheffield merged with [[Stocksbridge]] [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District]] and two parishes from the [[Wortley Rural District]].<ref name="sheffgeog"/> This area includes a significant part of the countryside surrounding the main urban region. Roughly a third of Sheffield lies in the [[Peak District|Peak District National Park]]. No other English city had parts of a national park within its boundary,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/index/news/news-display-page.htm?id=19530 |title=New village officer will boost rural communities |date=22 June 2009 |publisher=Peak District National Park Authority |access-date=7 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720112718/http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/index/news/news-display-page.htm?id=19530 |archive-date=20 July 2011}}</ref> until the creation in March 2010 of the [[South Downs National Park]], part of which lies within [[Brighton and Hove]].
{{Geographic Location
|title     = Neighbouring towns and cities
|Northwest = [[Huddersfield]], [[Penistone]]
|North     = [[Barnsley]], [[Leeds]], [[Wakefield]]
|Northeast = [[Rotherham]], [[Doncaster]]
|West      = [[Manchester]], [[Glossop]]
|Centre    = Sheffield
|East      = [[Worksop]], [[Retford]], [[Lincoln, England|Lincoln]]
|Southwest = [[Buxton]], [[Bakewell]], [[Matlock, Derbyshire|Matlock]]
|South     = [[Chesterfield, Derbyshire|Chesterfield]], [[Dronfield]], [[Derby]]
|Southeast = [[Mansfield]], [[Newark-on-Trent|Newark]], [[Nottingham]]
}}

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen climate classification|Köppen classification]], Sheffield has a [[Temperate climate|temperate]] [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'') like the rest of the United Kingdom. The uplands of the [[Pennines]] to the west can create a cool, gloomy and wet environment, but they also provide shelter from the prevailing westerly winds, casting a "[[rain shadow]]" across the area.<ref name="Met NE England">{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ne/ |title=North East England: climate |publisher=Met Office |access-date=18 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105223816/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ne/ |archive-date=5 November 2013}}</ref> Between 1971 and 2000 Sheffield averaged {{cvt|824.7|mm}} of rain per year; December was the wettest month with {{cvt|91.9|mm}} and July the driest with {{cvt|51.0|mm}}. July was also the hottest month, with an average maximum temperature of {{cvt|20.8|C}}. The highest temperature ever recorded in the city of Sheffield was {{cvt|39.4|C}}, on 19 July 2022.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/heatwave-uk-weather-forecast-today-met-office-b2126158.html |title=UK weather news – live: Thunderstorms sweep in after fire destroys homes on 40C day |date=19 July 2022 |website=The Independent |publisher=Met Office |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719205937/https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/heatwave-uk-weather-forecast-today-met-office-b2126158.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The average minimum temperature in January and February was {{cvt|1.6|C}},<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqzwt994 |title=Sheffield 1981–2010 averages |access-date=23 October 2015 |publisher=Met Office |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162108/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcqzwt994 |archive-date=22 December 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> though the lowest temperatures recorded in these months can be between {{cvt|-10|and|-15|C}}, although since 1960, the temperature has never fallen below {{cvt|-9.2|C}},<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1982&indexid=TNn&stationid=1848 |title=1982 temperature |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605185326/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=7&year=1982&indexid=TNn&stationid=1848 |archive-date=5 June 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> suggesting that urbanisation around the Weston Park site during the second half of the 20th&nbsp;century may prevent temperatures below {{cvt|-10|C}} occurring.

The coldest temperature to be recorded was {{cvt|-8.2|C}} in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=[[UKMO]] |url=http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/21/ |title=2010 temperature |access-date=8 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120050250/http://metofficenews.wordpress.com/2010/12/21/ |archive-date=20 January 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> (Note: The official Weston Park Weather Station statistics, which can also be viewed at [[Sheffield Central Library]], has the temperature at {{cvt|-8.7|C}}, recorded on 20 December, and states that to be the lowest December temperature since 1981.) The coldest temperature ever recorded in the city of Sheffield at [[Weston Park, Sheffield|Weston Park]], since records began in 1882, is {{cvt|-14.6|C}}, registered in February 1895.<ref>{{cite web |title=Coldest night in Sheffield's winter marked last month |url=https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/news/coldest-night-in-sheffield-s-winter-marked-last-month-1-7135746 |website=Sheffield Telegraph |access-date=29 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430045516/https://www.sheffieldtelegraph.co.uk/news/coldest-night-in-sheffield-s-winter-marked-last-month-1-7135746 |archive-date=30 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The lowest daytime maximum temperature in the city since records began is {{cvt|-5.6|C}}, also recorded in February 1895.{{citation needed|date=October 2014}} More recently, {{cvt|-4.4|C}} was recorded as a daytime maximum at Weston Park, on 20 December 2010 (from the Weston Park Weather Station statistics, which also can be viewed at Sheffield Central Library.) On average, through the winter months of December to March, there are 67 days during which ground frost occurs.<ref name="Met NE England"/>
{{Weather box
|location = Sheffield ([[Weston Park, Sheffield|Weston Park]])<br>[[Location identifier#WMO station identifiers|WMO ID]]: 99107; coordinates {{coord|53.38139|N|1.49137|W|type:landmark_region:GB|name=Sheffield Cdl|format=dms}}; elevation: {{cvt|131|m|0}}; 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1882–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 15.9
|Feb record high C = 18.2
|Mar record high C = 23.3
|Apr record high C = 26.4
|May record high C = 28.9
|Jun record high C = 30.7
|Jul record high C = 39.4
|Aug record high C = 34.3
|Sep record high C = 32.9
|Oct record high C = 25.7
|Nov record high C = 18.9
|Dec record high C = 17.6
|Jan high C = 7.0
|Feb high C = 7.7
|Mar high C = 10.0
|Apr high C = 13.1
|May high C = 16.4
|Jun high C = 19.2
|Jul high C = 21.4
|Aug high C = 20.8
|Sep high C = 17.9
|Oct high C = 13.7
|Nov high C = 9.8
|Dec high C = 7.3
|year high C = 13.7
|Jan mean C = 4.6
|Feb mean C = 4.9
|Mar mean C = 6.7
|Apr mean C = 9.2
|May mean C = 12.1
|Jun mean C = 15.0
|Jul mean C = 17.1
|Aug mean C = 16.7
|Sep mean C = 14.2
|Oct mean C = 10.7
|Nov mean C = 7.3
|Dec mean C = 5.0
|year mean C = 10.3
|Jan low C = 2.2
|Feb low C = 2.2
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 5.2
|May low C = 7.8
|Jun low C = 10.8
|Jul low C = 12.8
|Aug low C = 12.6
|Sep low C = 10.5
|Oct low C = 7.8
|Nov low C = 4.8
|Dec low C = 2.6
|year low C = 6.9
|Jan record low C = -13.3
|Feb record low C = -14.6
|Mar record low C = -9.4
|Apr record low C = -7.8
|May record low C = -0.7
|Jun record low C = 1.4
|Jul record low C = 3.5
|Aug record low C = 4.1
|Sep record low C = 1.7
|Oct record low C = -4.1
|Nov record low C = -7.2
|Dec record low C = -10.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 75.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 67.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 59.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 58.8
|May precipitation mm = 54.5
|Jun precipitation mm = 75.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 62.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 65.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 63.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 78.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 84.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 86.9
|year precipitation mm = 831.6
|unit rain days = 1.0 mm
|Jan rain days = 13.2
|Feb rain days = 11.5
|Mar rain days = 11.1
|Apr rain days = 10.1
|May rain days = 9.3
|Jun rain days = 9.5
|Jul rain days = 9.4
|Aug rain days = 10.0
|Sep rain days = 9.3
|Oct rain days = 12.7
|Nov rain days = 13.3
|Dec rain days = 13.7
|year rain days = 133.1
|Jan sun = 50.1
|Feb sun = 76.8
|Mar sun = 121.0
|Apr sun = 153.2
|May sun = 198.2
|Jun sun = 181.0
|Jul sun = 180.7
|Aug sun = 181.3
|Sep sun = 138.2
|Oct sun = 97.0
|Nov sun = 59.4
|Dec sun = 48.3
|year sun = 1485.2
| Jan uv = 0
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 2
| Apr uv = 4
| May uv = 5
| Jun uv = 6
| Jul uv = 6
| Aug uv = 5
| Sep uv = 4
| Oct uv = 2
| Nov uv = 1
| Dec uv = 0
|source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcqzwq04e |title=Sheffield 1991–2020 averages |access-date=18 December 2021 |publisher=Met Office |archive-date=24 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220824052951/https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gcqzwq04e |url-status=live }}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php |title=Sheffield extreme values |access-date=8 November 2011 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |archive-date=2 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202192334/http://eca.knmi.nl/indicesextremes/customquerytimeseriesplots.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TXx&periodidselect=1981-2010&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&CMD=ZOOM_IN#bottom |title=Sheffield 1981–2010 mean maximum and minimum values |access-date=31 December 2017 |publisher=[[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]] |archive-date=16 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416135950/https://eca.knmi.nl/utils/mapserver/climatology.php?indexcat=**&indexid=TXx&periodidselect=1981-2010&seasonid=0&scalelogidselect=no&CMD=ZOOM_IN#bottom |url-status=live }}</ref> WeatherAtlas<ref name="Weather-Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/sheffield-climate#uv_index |title=Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Sheffield, United Kingdom |access-date=23 September 2019 |publisher=Weather Atlas |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807033251/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/sheffield-climate#uv_index |url-status=live }}</ref> and Meteo Climat<ref>{{cite web |url=http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/station-2291-1882-2020.php |title=STATION SHEFFIELD |access-date=6 June 2021 |publisher=Meteo Climat}}</ref>

}}

The Weston Park Weather station, established in 1882, is one of the longest running weather stations in the United Kingdom. It has recorded weather for more than 125 years, and a 2008 report showed that the climate of Sheffield is warming faster than it has at any time during this period, with 1990 and 2006 being the hottest years on record.<ref>{{cite web |last=Boon |first=Gaynor |title=Whatever the Weather Changing Climate Changing Cultures |url=http://www.museums-sheffield.org.uk/PDFs/climate_change.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.museums-sheffield.org.uk/PDFs/climate_change.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |publisher=Museums Sheffield |access-date=13 August 2010}}{{dead link|date=October 2013}}</ref> In collaboration with the [[Stockholm Environment Institute]], Sheffield developed a [[carbon footprint]] (based on 2004–05 consumption figures) of 5,798,361&nbsp;[[tonnes]] per year. This compares to the UK's total carbon footprint of 698,568,010&nbsp;tonnes per year. The factors with the greatest impact are housing (34%), transport (25%), consumer (11%), private services (9%), public services (8%), food (8%) and capital investment (5%).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/environment/climate-change |title=Sheffield's Carbon Footprint |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=16 September 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090504162247/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/environment/climate-change |archive-date=4 May 2009}}</ref> Sheffield City Council has signed up to the [[10:10]] campaign.<ref name="planet">{{cite web |url=http://sheffieldismyplanet.co.uk/ |title=Sheffield Is My Planet |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=7 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715215152/http://sheffieldismyplanet.co.uk/ |archive-date=15 July 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Green belt===
{{further|South and West Yorkshire Green Belt|Geography of Sheffield}}
Sheffield is within a [[Green belt (United Kingdom)|green belt]] region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, and is in place to reduce [[urban sprawl]], prevent the towns and areas in the [[Sheffield urban area|Sheffield built-up area]] conurbation from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage [[brownfield]] reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.<ref name="belt1">{{cite web |title=Green Belt Review |url=https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/sheffield/home/planning-development/green-belt-review.html |website=sheffield.gov.uk |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143056/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/sheffield/home/planning-development/green-belt-review.html |archive-date=22 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="belt2">{{cite web |title=Adopted Sheffield Local Plan |url=https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/sheffield/home/planning-development/sheffield-plan.html |website=sheffield.gov.uk |access-date=24 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322143241/https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/content/sheffield/home/planning-development/sheffield-plan.html |archive-date=22 March 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> The main urban area and larger villages of the borough are exempt from the green belt area, but surrounding smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas are 'washed over' with the designation. A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,<ref name="belt1"/> with many rural landscape features and facilities included.

===Subdivisions===
{{Main|Areas of Sheffield}}
Sheffield is made up of many suburbs and neighbourhoods, many of which developed from villages or [[hamlet (place)|hamlets]] that were absorbed into Sheffield as the city grew.<ref name="VICKERS"/> These historical areas are largely ignored by the modern administrative and political divisions of the city; instead it is divided into 28&nbsp;electoral [[ward (politics)|wards]], with each ward generally covering 4–6&nbsp;areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/your-city-council/elections/ward-boundaries |title=Sheffield's Ward Boundaries |access-date=29 December 2005 |publisher=Sheffield City Council |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051103102934/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/your-city-council/elections/ward-boundaries |archive-date=3 November 2005}}</ref> These electoral wards are grouped into six [[United Kingdom constituencies|parliamentary constituencies]]. Sheffield is largely [[civil parishes in England|unparished]], but [[Bradfield, South Yorkshire|Bradfield]] and [[Ecclesfield]] have parish councils, and [[Stocksbridge]] has a town council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/your-city-council/elections/types-of-elections |title=Types of Elections |publisher=Sheffield City Council |access-date=21 July 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090725005232/http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/your-city-council/elections/types-of-elections |archive-date=25 July 2009}}</ref>