Editing Shapur II (section)

===Loss of Bactria to nomadic invaders (c. 360 CE)===
Confrontations with nomadic tribes from Central Asia soon started to occur. [[Ammianus Marcellinus]] reports that in 356 CE, Shapur II was taking his winter quarters on his eastern borders, "repelling the hostilities of the bordering tribes" of the [[Chionites]] and the Euseni ("Euseni" is usually amended to "Cuseni", meaning the [[Kushans]]),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scheers |first1=Simone |last2=Quaegebeur |first2=Jan |title=Studia Paulo Naster Oblata: Orientalia antiqua |date=1982 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |isbn=9789070192105 |page=55 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GlsbsTTwxjYC&pg=PA55 |language=fr}}</ref> finally making a treaty of alliance with the Chionites and the Gelani in 358 CE.

From around 360 CE, however, during his reign, the Sasanids lost the control of [[Bactria]] to invaders from the north, first the [[Kidarites]], then the [[Hephthalites]] and the [[Alchon Huns]], who would follow up with the invasion of [[India]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Neelis |first1=Jason |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange Within and Beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |date=2010 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-9004181595 |page=159 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GB-JV2eOr2UC&pg=PA159}}</ref> These invaders initially issued coins based on [[Sasanian]] designs.<ref name="Tandon2013">{{cite journal |title=Notes on the Evolution of Alchon Coins |journal=Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society |year=2013 |last=Tandon |first=Pankaj |issue=216 |pages=24–34 |url=http://coinindia.com/Alchon.pdf |access-date=2018-07-08 }}</ref> Various coins minted in [[Bactria]] and based on a Sasanian designs are known, often with busts imitating Sasanian kings Shapur II (r. 309 to 379 CE) and [[Shapur III]] (r. 383 to 388 CE), adding the Alchon [[Tamgha]] and the name "Alchono" in [[Bactrian script]] on the obverse, and with attendants to a [[fire altar]] on the reverse.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rienjang |first1=Wannaporn |last2=Stewart |first2=Peter |title=Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=9781784918552 |page=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I7dTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23}}</ref>