Editing Seismology (section)

=== Engineering seismology ===
Engineering seismology is the study and application of seismology for engineering purposes.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopaedia of Geology|publisher=Elsevier|date=2005-01-01|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-12-369396-9|pages=499–515|doi=10.1016/b0-12-369396-9/90020-0|editor-first=Richard C. SelleyL. Robin M. CocksIan R.|editor-last=Plimer|chapter=Editors}}</ref> It generally applied to the branch of seismology that deals with the assessment of the seismic hazard of a site or region for the purposes of earthquake engineering. It is, therefore, a link between [[earth science]] and [[civil engineering]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Engineering seismology: Part I|journal=Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics|date=1988-12-01|issn=1096-9845|pages=1–50|volume=17|issue=1|doi=10.1002/eqe.4290170101|first=N. N.|last=Ambraseys|bibcode=1988EESD...17....1A}}</ref> There are two principal components of engineering seismology. Firstly, studying earthquake history (e.g. historical<ref name=":0" /> and instrumental catalogs<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Software Package to Analyze Seismicity: ZMAP|journal=Seismological Research Letters|date=2001-05-01|issn=0895-0695|pages=373–382|volume=72|issue=3|doi=10.1785/gssrl.72.3.373|first=Stefan|last=Wiemer|bibcode=2001SeiRL..72..373W}}</ref> of seismicity) and [[tectonics]]<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Seismic Hazard Inferred from Tectonics: California|journal=Seismological Research Letters|date=2007-01-01|issn=0895-0695|pages=37–48|volume=78|issue=1|doi=10.1785/gssrl.78.1.37|first1=Peter|last1=Bird|first2=Zhen|last2=Liu|bibcode=2007SeiRL..78...37B}}</ref> to assess the earthquakes that could occur in a region and their characteristics and frequency of occurrence. Secondly, studying strong ground motions generated by earthquakes to assess the expected shaking from future earthquakes with similar characteristics. These strong ground motions could either be observations from [[accelerometer]]s or seismometers or those simulated by computers using various techniques,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=John|last2=Aochi|first2=Hideo|date=2008-10-10|title=A Survey of Techniques for Predicting Earthquake Ground Motions for Engineering Purposes|journal=Surveys in Geophysics|volume=29|issue=3|pages=187–220|doi=10.1007/s10712-008-9046-y|issn=0169-3298|bibcode=2008SGeo...29..187D|s2cid=53066367|url=https://hal-brgm.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00557625/file/simrev_revised_clean.pdf}}</ref> which are then often used to develop ground-motion prediction equations<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Douglas|first1=John|last2=Edwards|first2=Benjamin|date=2016-09-01|title=Recent and future developments in earthquake ground motion estimation|url=https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/56975/1/Douglas_Edwards_ESR_2016_recent_and_future_developments_in_earthquake_ground_motion_estimation.pdf|journal=Earth-Science Reviews|volume=160|pages=203–219|doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.005|bibcode=2016ESRv..160..203D}}</ref> (or ground-motion models)[http://www.gmpe.org.uk/].