Editing Seabird (section)

=== Migration ===
{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 360
| image1            = PelicanosFlock.jpg
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = [[Pelicans|Pelican]] flock flying over [[Havana]] Bay area. These birds come to [[Cuba]] every year from North America in the northern hemisphere winter season.
| image2            = Smallarctern.jpg
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = [[Arctic tern]]s breed in the arctic and subarctic and winter in Antarctica.
}}
Like many birds, seabirds often [[bird migration|migrate]] after the [[breeding season]]. Of these, the trip taken by the [[Arctic tern]] is the farthest of any bird, crossing the [[equator]] in order to spend the Austral summer in Antarctica. Other species also undertake trans-equatorial trips, both from the north to the south, and from south to north. The population of [[elegant tern]]s, which nest off [[Baja California]], splits after the breeding season with some birds travelling north to the [[Central Coast of California]] and some travelling as far south as Peru and Chile to feed in the [[Humboldt Current]].<ref>Burness, G. P., Lefevre, K. and Collins, C. T. (1999). Elegant Tern (''Sterna elegans''). In ''The Birds of North America'', No. '''404''' (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA</ref> The [[sooty shearwater]] undertakes an annual migration cycle that rivals that of the Arctic tern; birds that nest in New Zealand and Chile and spend the northern summer feeding in the North Pacific off Japan, Alaska and California, an annual round trip of {{convert|40000|smi|km|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Shaffer, S. A. |author2=Tremblay, Y. |author3=Weimerskirch, H. |author4=Scott, D. |author5=Thompson, D. R. |author6=Sagar, P. M. |author7=Moller, H. |author8=Taylor, G. A. |author9=Foley, D. G. |author10=Block, B. A. |author11=Costa, D. P. |year=2006|title=Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=34 |pages= 12799–12802|doi=10.1073/pnas.0603715103|pmid=16908846|pmc=1568927|bibcode=2006PNAS..10312799S |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Other species also migrate shorter distances away from the breeding sites, their distribution at sea determined by the availability of food. If oceanic conditions are unsuitable, seabirds will emigrate to more productive areas, sometimes permanently if the bird is young.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Oro, D. |author2=Cam, E. |author3=Pradel, R. |author4=Martinetz-Abrain, A. |year=2004|title=Influence of food availability on demography and local population dynamics in a long-lived seabird|journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Society B]] |volume=271|pages= 387–396|doi=10.1098/rspb.2003.2609|issue=1537 |pmid=15101698 |pmc=1691609}}</ref> After fledging, juvenile birds often disperse further than adults, and to different areas, so are commonly sighted far from a species' normal range. Some species, such as the auks, do not have a concerted migration effort, but drift southwards as the winter approaches.<ref name="Auk" /> Other species, such as some of the storm petrels, diving petrels and cormorants, never disperse at all, staying near their breeding colonies year round.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Winkler |first1=David W. |title=Northern Storm-Petrels (Hydrobatidae) |date=2020-03-04 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/hydrob1/1.0/introduction |work=Birds of the World |editor-last=Billerman |editor-first=Shawn M. |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.hydrob1.01 |access-date=2022-04-23 |last2=Billerman |first2=Shawn M. |last3=Lovette |first3=Irby J. |s2cid=216364538 |editor2-last=Keeney |editor2-first=Brooke K. |editor3-last=Rodewald |editor3-first=Paul G. |editor4-last=Schulenberg |editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carboneras |first1=Carles |last2=Jutglar |first2=Francesc |last3=Kirwan |first3=Guy M. |date=2020 |title=Common Diving-Petrel (Pelecanoides urinatrix), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/codpet1/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.codpet1.01|s2cid=226017737 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Orta |first1=Jaume |title=Little Black Cormorant (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) |date=2020-03-04 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/libcor1/1.0/introduction |work=Birds of the World |editor-last=Billerman |editor-first=Shawn M. |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.libcor1.01 |access-date=2022-04-22 |last2=Christie |first2=David |last3=Jutglar |first3=Francesc |last4=Kirwan |first4=Guy M. |s2cid=226397614 |editor2-last=Keeney |editor2-first=Brooke K. |editor3-last=Rodewald |editor3-first=Paul G. |editor4-last=Schulenberg |editor4-first=Thomas S.}}</ref>