Editing Sagrada Família (section)

====Passion Façade====
[[File:SF - Passió 2018-m.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Passion Façade of Sagrada Família in 2018]]
In contrast to the highly decorated Nativity Façade, the Passion Façade is austere, plain and simple, with ample bare stone, and is carved with harsh straight lines to resemble the bones of a skeleton. Dedicated to the [[Passion of Jesus|Passion]] of Christ, the suffering of Jesus during [[crucifixion of Jesus Christ|his crucifixion]], the façade was intended to portray the sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaudí for future architects and sculptors. The steeples were completed in 1976, and in 1987 a team of sculptors, headed by [[Josep Maria Subirachs]], began work sculpting the various scenes and details of the façade. They aimed to give a rigid, angular form to provoke a dramatic effect. Gaudí intended for this façade to strike fear into the onlooker. He wanted to "break" arcs and "cut" columns, and to use the effect of [[chiaroscuro]] (dark angular shadows contrasted by harsh rigid light) to further show the severity and brutality of Christ's sacrifice.

Facing the setting sun, indicative and symbolic of the death of Christ, the Passion Façade is supported by six large and inclined columns, designed to resemble strained muscles.<ref>{{Citation |last=Gaudí. |first=Ardora Digital (Firma) Asociación de Amigos de |title=La Sagrada Familia |date=2011 |publisher=Ardora Digital |oclc=804963337}}</ref> Above there is a pyramidal [[pediment]], made up of eighteen bone-shaped columns, which culminate in a large cross with a crown of thorns. Each of the four steeples is dedicated to an apostle ([[James, son of Zebedee|James]], [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]], [[Philip the Apostle|Philip]], and [[Bartholomew the Apostle|Bartholomew]]) and, like the Nativity Façade, there are three porticos, each representing the [[theological virtues]], though in a much different light.

The scenes sculpted into the façade may be divided into three levels, which ascend in an ''S'' form and reproduce the [[Stations of the Cross]] ([[Via Crucis]] of Christ).<ref name="gimeno">{{cite book |last=Gómez Gimeno |first=María José |title=La Sagrada Família |year=2006 |publisher=Mundo Flip Ediciones |isbn=978-8-4933-9834-7 |pages=86–87}}</ref> The lowest level depicts scenes from Jesus' last night before the crucifixion, including the [[Last Supper]], [[Kiss of Judas]], [[Ecce homo]], and the [[Sanhedrin trial of Jesus]]. The middle level portrays the Calvary, or Golgotha, of Christ, and includes [[The Three Marys]], Saint [[Longinus]], [[Saint Veronica]], and a [[hollow-face illusion]] of Christ on the [[Veil of Veronica]]. In the third and final level the Death, Burial and the [[Resurrection of Christ]] can be seen. A bronze figure situated on a bridge creating a link between the steeples of Saint Bartholomew and Saint Thomas represents the [[Ascension of Jesus]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/06/02/cultura/1117725182.html |title=La Sagrada Familia abrirá al culto en 2008, según sus responsables |trans-title=The Sagrada Familia opens for worship in 2008, according to its leaders |date=2 June 2005 |agency=Europa Press |language=es |newspaper=[[El Mundo (Spain)|El Mundo]] |location=Madria |access-date=7 July 2010 }} ([https://translate.google.com/translate?u=http%3A//www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2005/06/02/cultura/1117725182.html&hl=en&langpair=auto|en&tbb=1&ie=ISO-8859-1 English tr.])</ref>

The façade contains a [[magic square]] based on the magic square in the 1514 print [[Melencolia I]].<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/the-magic-square-the-passion-facade-keys-to-understanding-it/
 |title=The magic square on the Passion façade: keys to understanding it
 |author=<!--Not stated-->
 |date=7 February 2018
 |website=Blog Sagrada Família
 |access-date=7 December 2018
 }}</ref> The square is rotated and one number in each row and column is reduced by one, so the rows and columns add up to 33 instead of the standard 34 for a 4x4 [[magic square]].