Editing Richard III of England (section)

===Buckingham's rebellion of 1483===
{{Further|Buckingham's rebellion}}

In 1483, a [[conspiracy]] arose among a number of disaffected gentry, many of whom had been supporters of Edward IV and the "whole Yorkist establishment".{{sfnp|Ross|1981|p=105}}{{sfnp|Hicks|2009|p=211}} The conspiracy was nominally led by Richard's former ally, the Duke of Buckingham, although it had begun as a Woodville-Beaufort conspiracy (being "well underway" by the time of the Duke's involvement).{{sfnp|Ross|1981|p=111}}{{refn|Rosemary Horrox notes that "Buckingham was an exception amongst the rebels as, far from being a previous favourite, he 'had been refused any political role by Edward IV'".{{sfnp|Horrox|1989|p=132}}|group=note}} Davies has suggested that it was "only the subsequent parliamentary attainder that placed Buckingham at the centre of events", to blame a disaffected magnate motivated by greed, rather than "the embarrassing truth" that those opposing Richard were actually "overwhelmingly Edwardian loyalists".{{sfnp|Davies|2011}} It is possible that they planned to depose Richard III and place Edward V back on the throne, and that when rumours arose that Edward and his brother were dead, Buckingham proposed that [[Henry VII of England|Henry Tudor]] should return from exile, take the throne and marry [[Elizabeth of York|Elizabeth]], eldest daughter of Edward IV. It has also been pointed out that as this narrative stems from Richard's parliament of 1484, it should probably be treated "with caution".{{sfnp|Horrox|1989|p=153}} For his part, Buckingham raised a substantial force from his estates in [[Wales]] and the Marches.{{sfnp|Ross|1981|pp=105–119}} Henry, in exile in [[Duchy of Brittany|Brittany]], enjoyed the support of the Breton treasurer [[Pierre Landais]], who hoped Buckingham's victory would cement an alliance between Brittany and England.{{sfnp|Costello|1855|pp=17–18, 43–44}}

Some of Henry Tudor's ships ran into a storm and were forced to return to Brittany or Normandy, while Henry anchored off Plymouth for a week before learning of Buckingham's failure.{{sfnp|Kendall|1956|p=274}}{{sfnp|Chrimes|1999|loc=p. 26, n. 2}} Buckingham's army was troubled by the same storm and deserted when Richard's forces came against them. Buckingham tried to escape in disguise but was either turned in by a [[Affinity (medieval)|retainer]] for the [[bounty (reward)|bounty]] Richard had put on his head, or was discovered in hiding with him.{{sfnp|Chrimes|1999|loc=p. 25, n. 5}} He was convicted of [[treason]] and [[behead]]ed in [[Salisbury]], near the Bull's Head Inn, on 2 November.{{sfnp|Chrimes|1999|pp=25–26}} His widow, [[Catherine Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham|Catherine Woodville]], later married [[Jasper Tudor]], the uncle of Henry Tudor.<ref>{{harvp|Davies|2011|ps=. "Following Bosworth, Katherine Stafford was married, by 7 November 1485, to the new king's 55-year-old bachelor uncle, Jasper Tudor, now duke of Bedford."}}</ref> Richard made overtures to Landais, offering military support for Landais's weak regime under [[Francis II, Duke of Brittany]], in exchange for Henry. Henry fled to Paris, where he secured support from the French regent [[Anne of Beaujeu]], who supplied troops for an invasion in 1485.{{sfnp|Chrimes|1999|pp=29–30}}