Editing Reconstruction era (section)

===Southern Treaty Commission===
The [[Five Civilized Tribes]] that had been relocated to [[Indian Territory]] (now part of [[Oklahoma]]) held Black slaves and signed treaties supporting the Confederacy. During the war, a war among pro-Union and anti-Union Native Americans had raged. Congress passed a statute that gave the president the authority to suspend the appropriations of any tribe if the tribe is "in a state of actual hostility to the government of the United States&nbsp;... and, by proclamation, to declare all treaties with such tribe to be abrogated by such tribe".<ref>25 [[United States Code|U.S.C.]] Sec. 72.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/25C3.txt |title=Act of Congress, R.S. Sec. 2080 derived from act July 5, 1862, ch. 135, Sec. 1, 12 Stat. 528. |via=USCode.House.gov |publisher=[[United States House of Representatives]] |access-date=February 7, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120317074540/http://uscode.house.gov/download/pls/25C3.txt |archive-date=March 17, 2012}}</ref>

As a component of Reconstruction, the [[United States Department of the Interior|Interior Department]] ordered a meeting of representatives from all [[Tribe (Native American)|Indian tribes]] who had affiliated with the Confederacy.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://digital.library.okstate.edu/Chronicles/v014/v014p022.html |last=Perry |first=Dan W. |title=Oklahoma, A Foreordained Commonwealth |journal=Chronicles of Oklahoma |volume=14 |issue=1 |date=March 1936 |page=30 |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |access-date=February 8, 2012 |archive-date=February 14, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214095157/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/chronicles/v014/v014p022.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The council, the [[Reconstruction Treaties|Southern Treaty Commission]], was first held in [[Fort Smith, Arkansas]] in September 1865, and was attended by hundreds of Native Americans representing dozens of tribes. Over the next several years the commission negotiated treaties with tribes that resulted in additional re-locations to [[Indian Territory]] and the ''[[de facto]]'' creation (initially by treaty) of an unorganized [[Oklahoma Territory]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2024}}