Editing Ramjet (section)

===United States===
[[File:Aqm-60a.jpg|thumb|An [[AQM-60 Kingfisher]], the first production ramjet to enter service with the US military]]

Stovepipe (flying/flaming/supersonic) was a popular name for the ramjet during the 1950s in [[trade magazine]]s such as ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]''<ref>{{cite book |last=Aviation Week |title=Aviation Week 1950-02-06 |page=22 |date=1950-02-06 |language=english |url=http://archive.org/details/Aviation_Week_1950-02-06}}</ref> and other publications such as ''The Cornell Engineer.''<ref>{{cite journal |title=Propulsive Efficiency from an Energy Utilization Standpoint |journal=The Cornell Engineer |volume=16 |issue=6 |date=March 1951 |publisher=Cornell University |page=163 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_cornell-engineer_1951-03_16_6}}</ref> The simplicity implied by the name came from a comparison with the [[turbojet]] engine which employs relatively complex and expensive spinning turbomachinery.

The US Navy developed a series of air-to-air missiles under the name of "[[Gorgon (U.S. missile)|Gorgon]]" using different propulsion mechanisms, including ramjet propulsion on the Gorgon IV. The ramjet Gorgon IVs, made by [[Glenn L. Martin|Glenn Martin]], were tested in 1948 and 1949 at [[Naval Air Station Point Mugu]]. The ramjet was designed at the University of Southern California and manufactured by the [[Marquardt Corporation|Marquardt Aircraft Company]]. The engine was {{convert|7|ft|order=flip}} long and {{convert|20|in|order=flip}} in diameter and was positioned below the missile.

In the early 1950s the US developed a Mach 4+ ramjet under the [[Lockheed X-7]] program. This was developed into the [[Lockheed AQM-60 Kingfisher]]. Further development resulted in the [[Lockheed D-21]] spy drone.

In the late 1950s the US Navy introduced a system called the [[RIM-8 Talos]], which was a long range surface-to-air missile fired from ships. It successfully shot down enemy fighters during the [[Vietnam War]], and was the first ship-launched missile to destroy an enemy aircraft in combat. On 23 May 1968, a Talos fired from [[USS Long Beach (CGN-9)|USS ''Long Beach'']] shot down a Vietnamese [[Mikoyan|MiG]] at a range of about {{convert|65|mile|km|order=flip}}. It was also used as a surface-to-surface weapon and was modified to destroy land-based radars.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RIM-8 Talos |url=https://weaponsystems.net/system/1395-RIM-8+Talos |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Weaponsystems.net |language=en}}</ref>

Using technology proven by the AQM-60, In the late 1950s and early 1960s the US produced a widespread defense system called the [[CIM-10 Bomarc]], which was equipped with hundreds of nuclear armed ramjet missiles with a range of several hundred miles. It was powered by the same engines as the AQM-60, but with improved materials to endure longer flight times. The system was withdrawn in the 1970s as the threat from bombers subsided.

====THOR-ER====
In April 2020, the U.S. Department of Defense and the Norwegian Ministry of Defense jointly announced their partnership to develop advanced technologies applicable to long range high-speed and hypersonic weapons. The ''Tactical High-speed Offensive Ramjet for Extended Range (THOR-ER)'' program completed a solid fuel ramjet (SFRJ) vehicle test in August 2022.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tactical High-speed Offensive Ramjet for Extended Range (THOR-ER) Team Completes Ramjet Vehicle Test |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3180755/tactical-high-speed-offensive-ramjet-for-extended-range-thor-er-team-completes/}}</ref>

====Dual-mode ramjet====
In 2023, [[General Electric]] demonstrated a ramjet with rotating detonation combustion. It is a turbine-based combined-cycle engine that incorporates a<ref>{{cite web |last=Wang |first=Brian |date=2023-12-14 |title=Breakthrough Hypersonic Dual-Mode Ramjet with Rotating Detonation Combustion {{!}} NextBigFuture.com |language=en-US |url=https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2023/12/breakthrough-hypersonic-dual-mode-ramjet-with-rotating-detonation-combustion.html |access-date=2023-12-16}}</ref>
* gas turbine;
* rotating detonation engine;
* ramjet;
* scramjet.