Editing Purple (section)

=== Pigments ===
*[[Hematite]] and [[manganese]] are the oldest pigments used for the color purple. They were used by [[Neolithic]] artists in the form of sticks, like charcoal, or ground and powdered and mixed with fat, and used as a paint. Hematite is a reddish [[iron oxide]] which, when ground coarsely, makes a purple pigment. One such pigment is [[caput mortuum (pigment)|caput mortuum]], whose name is also used in reference to [[mummy brown]]. The latter is another pigment containing hematite and historically produced with the use of mummified corpses.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rApTzWboLrA |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/rApTzWboLrA| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|title=The Library of Rare Colors|last=Tom|first=Scott|date=18 March 2019|access-date=8 May 2019|via=YouTube}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Some of its compositions produce a purple color and may be called "mummy violet".<ref>{{cite web| title =Mummy Brown| publisher =naturalpigments.com| url =http://www.naturalpigments.com/detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=460-22S| access-date =2008-02-08| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20040816025813/http://www.naturalpigments.com/detail.asp?PRODUCT_ID=460-22S| archive-date =2004-08-16}}</ref> Manganese was also used in Roman times to color glass purple.<ref>Anne Varichon, ''Couleurs-pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples'', p. 146</ref>
*[[Han purple]] was the first synthetic purple pigment, invented in China in about 700 BC. It was used in wall paintings and pottery and other applications.  In color, it was very close to [[indigo]], which had a similar chemical structure.  Han purple was very unstable, and sometimes was the result of the chemical breakdown of Han blue.

During the Middle Ages, artists usually made purple by combining red and blue pigments; most often blue azurite or lapis-lazuli with [[red ochre]], [[cinnabar]], or [[Minium (pigment)|minium]]. They also combined lake colors made by mixing dye with powder; using [[woad]] or indigo dye for the blue, and dye made from [[cochineal]] for the red.<ref name="Anne Carichon 2000 p.&nbsp;133" />

*[[Cobalt violet]] was the first modern synthetic color in the purple family, manufactured in 1859. It was found, along with [[cobalt blue]], in the palette of [[Claude Monet]], [[Paul Signac]], and [[Georges Seurat]]. It was stable, but had low tinting power and was expensive, so quickly went out of use.<ref>Isabelle Roelofs, ''La Couleur Expliquée aux artistes, 52–53.''</ref>
*[[Manganese violet]] was a stronger color than cobalt violet, and replaced it on the market.
*[[Quinacridone]] violet, one of a modern synthetic organic family of colors, was discovered in 1896 but not marketed until 1955.  It is sold today under a number of brand names.
<gallery mode="packed" heights="200px">
File:Lascaux painting.jpg|[[Manganese]] pigments were used in the [[neolithic]] paintings in the [[Lascaux cave]], France.
File:Hematite.jpg|[[Hematite]] was often used as the red-purple color in the cave paintings of [[Neolithic]] artists.
File:Purpurite-120161.jpg|A sample of [[purpurite]], or manganese phosphate, from the Packrat Mine in Southern California.
File:Cobaltviolet.jpg|A swatch of cobalt violet, popular among the French [[impressionists]].
File:Manganese violet.jpg|[[Manganese violet]] is a synthetic pigment invented in the mid-19th century.
File:CI Pigment Violet 19 Beta.JPG|[[Quinacridone]] violet, a synthetic organic pigment sold under many different names.
</gallery>