Editing Public speaking (section)

=== Cicero's Five Canons of Rhetoric ===
In his writing ''[[De Inventione]]'', Cicero explained the five canons or tenets of rhetoric. The five canons apply to rhetoric and public speaking. The five canons are invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2024-10-15 |title=The Five Canons of Rhetoric |url=https://walton.uark.edu/business-communication-lab/resources/downloads/The_Five_Canons_of_Rhetoric.pdf |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=University of Arkansas Sam M. Walton College of Business}}</ref>

Invention is the process of coming up with what to say to persuade the audience of the key points. Individuals will need to understand their topic, brainstorm their ideas, and discover effective research strategies that they can use to get their point across. Arrangement is the process of structuring ideas together. Cicero and the Roman rhetorician Quintilian identified the structure of a text as Exordium, Narrative, Partition, Confirmation, Refutation, and Peroration (or conclusion). In today's text, the structure has been reduced to introduction, body, and conclusion. Style is the process of choosing language and constructing your presentation to create an emotional response from the audience. Individuals can achieve this by using language and rhetoric devices like analogy, allusion and alliteration.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=How You Use the 5 Canons of Classical Rhetoric |url=https://www.thoughtco.com/the-5-canons-of-classical-rhetoric-1691771 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=ThoughtCo |language=en}}</ref>

Memory is remembering enough so that individuals are able to fully and fluently present without reading off a paper or note cards. This includes figures of speech, which can be used to improve memory. Roman rhetoricians made a distinction between natural memory (an innate ability) and artificial memory (particular techniques that enhanced natural abilities).<ref name=":7" />  Delivery is the last of the five canons of rhetoric. It Involves using all the tools available to effectively communicate. Methods and tools like tone of voice, change of pace, pauses, volume, body language, positioning and props are all effective in delivering the point'''.''' <ref name=":0" />