Editing Porphyrin (section)

==Related species==
===In nature===

Several heterocycles related to porphyrins are found in nature, almost always bound to metal ions. These include
{| class="wikitable"
! N4-macrocycle !! Cofactor name!! metal!! comment
|-
|[[chlorin]]|| chlorophyll || magnesium||several versions of chlorophyll exist (sidechain; exception being [[chlorophyll c]])
|-
|bacteriochlorin|| [[bacteriochlorophyll]] (in part) || magnesium|||several versions of bacteriochlorophyll exist (sidechain; some use a usual chlorin ring)
|-
| rowspan="2" | [[sirohydrochlorin]] (an isobacteriochlorin)||[[siroheme]]||iron||Important cofactor in sulfur assimilation
|-
|
|
|biosynthetic intermediate en route to cofactor F430 and B12
|-
| [[corrin]] || vitamin B12 || cobalt||several variants of B12 exist (sidechain)
|-
| corphin || [[Cofactor F430]] || nickel||highly reduced macrocycle
|}

===Synthetic===
A '''benzoporphyrin''' is a porphyrin with a benzene ring fused to one of the pyrrole units. e.g. [[verteporfin]] is a benzoporphyrin derivative.<ref name=Scott2000>{{cite journal | vauthors = Scott LJ, Goa KL | title = Verteporfin | journal = Drugs & Aging | volume = 16 | issue = 2 | pages = 139–146; discussion 146–8 | date = February 2000 | pmid = 10755329 | doi = 10.2165/00002512-200016020-00005 | s2cid = 260491296 }}</ref>

====Non-natural porphyrin isomers====
[[File:First Porphycene synthesis.tif|thumb|class=skin-invert-image|Porphycene, first porphyrin isomer, synthesised from bipyrrole dialdehyde through [[McMurry reaction|McMurry coupling reaction]]]]

The first synthetic porphyrin [[isomer]] was reported by Emanual Vogel and coworkers in 1986.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogel E, Köcher M |title=Porphycene—a Novel Porphin Isomer |journal=Angewandte Chemie |date=March 1986 |volume=25 |issue=3 |page=257 |doi=10.1002/anie.198602571 }}</ref>  This isomer [18]porphyrin-(2.0.2.0) is named as '''porphycene''', and the central N<sub>4</sub> Cavity forms a [[rectangle]] shape as shown in figure.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Nagamaiah J, Dutta A, Pati NN, Sahoo S, Soman R, Panda PK |title=3,6,13,16-Tetrapropylporphycene: Rational Synthesis, Complexation, and Halogenation |journal=The Journal of Organic Chemistry |date=March 2022 |volume=87 |issue=5 |pages=2721–2729 |doi=10.1021/acs.joc.1c02652 |pmid=35061396 |s2cid=246165814 }}</ref> Porphycenes showed interesting [[Photochemistry|photophysical]] behavior and found versatile compound towards the [[photodynamic therapy]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors =  Dougherty TJ |title=Basic principles of photodynamic therapy |journal=Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines  |date=2001 |volume=5 |issue=2 |page=105 |doi=10.1002/jpp.328 }}</ref> This result was followed by the preparation of [18]porphyrin-(2.1.0.1), named it as '''corrphycene''' or '''porphycerin'''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogel E, Guilard R |title=New Porphycene Ligands: Octaethyl- and Etioporphycene (OEPc and EtioPc)—Tetra- and Pentacoordinated Zinc Complexes of OEPc |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=November 1993 |volume=32 |issue=11 |page=1600 |doi=10.1002/anie.199316001 }}</ref> Other non-natural porphyrins include [18]porphyrin-(2.1.1.0) and  [18]porphyrin-(3.0.1.0) or '''isoporphycene'''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Vogel E, Scholz P, Demuth R, Erben C, Bröring M, Schmickler H, Lex J, Hohlneicher G, Bremm D, Wu YD | display-authors = 6 | title = Isoporphycene: The Fourth Constitutional Isomer of Porphyrin with an N(4) Core-Occurrence of E/Z Isomerism | journal = Angewandte Chemie | volume = 38 | issue = 19 | pages = 2919–2923 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10540393 | doi = 10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19991004)38:19<2919::AID-ANIE2919>3.0.CO;2-W }}</ref> The '''N-confused porphyrins''' feature one of the pyrrolic subunits with the nitrogen atoms facing outwards from the core of the macrocycle.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hiroyuki F |title="N-Confused Porphyrin": A New Isomer of Tetraphenylporphyrin |journal=J. Am. Chem. Soc. |year=1994 |volume=116 |issue=2 |page=767 |doi=10.1021/ja00081a047 |bibcode=1994JAChS.116..767F }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chmielewski PJ, Latos-Grażyński L, Rachlewicz K, Glowiak T |title=Tetra-p-tolylporphyrin with an Inverted Pyrrole Ring: A Novel Isomer of Porphyrin |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |date=18 April 1994 |volume=33 |issue=7 |page=779 |doi=10.1002/anie.199407791 }}</ref> 
[[File:Isomers of porphyrins soman.jpg|500 px|thumb|center|class=skin-invert-image|Various reported Isomers of porphyrin]]