Editing Politics of Taiwan (section)

== Government ==
{{Main|Government of the Republic of China}}

{{office-table}}
|[[President of the Republic of China|President]]
|[[Lai Ching-te]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]
|20 May 2024
|-
|[[Vice President of the Republic of China|Vice President]]
|[[Hsiao Bi-khim]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]
|20 May 2024
|-
|[[Premier of the Republic of China|Premier]]
|[[Cho Jung-tai]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]
|20 May 2024
|-
|[[President of the Legislative Yuan]]
|[[Han Kuo-yu]]
|[[Kuomintang]]
|1 February 2024
|-
|[[List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan|President of the Judicial Yuan]]
|[[Shieh Ming-yan]] (acting)
|Independent
|1 November 2024
|-
|[[List of presidents of the Examination Yuan|President of the Examination Yuan]]
|[[Chou Hung-hsien]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]
|20 December 2024
|-
|[[List of presidents of the Control Yuan|President of the Control Yuan]]
|[[Chen Chu]]
|[[Democratic Progressive Party]]
|1 August 2020
|}

===Presidency===
{{Main|President of the Republic of China|Vice President of the Republic of China}}

The President is the [[head of state]] of the Republic of China and [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[Republic of China Armed Forces|armed forces]]. The president has authority over the five administrative branches (Yuan): Executive, Legislative, Control, Judicial, and Examination.

===National Assembly===
{{Main|National Assembly of the Republic of China}}
[[File:National Assembly Secretariat, Republic of China 20060206.jpg|thumb|National Assembly]]
The National Assembly of the Republic of China was elected in mainland China in 1947 to officially carry out the duties of choosing the [[President of the Republic of China|president]], to amend the constitution, and to exercise the sovereignty of the citizens, but in actuality, the Assembly's role in Taipei seemed to reconfirm the executive powers of President Chang Kai-shek. The National Assembly was re-established on Taiwan when the government moved. Because it was impossible to hold subsequent elections to represent constituencies in mainland China, representatives elected in 1947–48 held these seats "indefinitely." In June 1990, however, the Council of Grand Justices mandated the retirement, effective December 1991, of all remaining "indefinitely" elected members of the National Assembly, Legislative Yuan, and other bodies.

The second National Assembly, elected in 1991, was composed of 325 members. The majority was elected directly; 100 were chosen from party slates in proportion to the popular vote. This National Assembly amended the constitution in 1994, paving the way for the direct election of the president and vice president that was held in March, 1996. The National Assembly retained the authority to amend the constitution, to recall or to impeach the president or vice president, and to ratify select senior-level presidential appointments. In April 2000, the members of the National Assembly voted to permit their terms of office to expire without holding new elections. They also determined that such an election would be called in the event the National Assembly is needed to decide a presidential recall or a constitutional amendment. In recent years, the National Assembly has handed most of its powers to the Legislative Yuan, including the power of impeachment. In 2005, the National Assembly permanently abolished itself by ratifying a constitution amendment passed by the Legislative Yuan.

Amending the ROC constitution now requires the approval of three-fourths of the quorum of members of the Legislative Yuan. This quorum requires at least three-fourths of all members of the Legislature. After passing by the legislature, the amendment needs ratification from at least fifty percent of all eligible voters of the ROC regardless of voter turnout.

===Executive Yuan===
{{Main|Executive Yuan}}
[[File:Executive Yuan 20050703.jpg|thumb|Executive Yuan]]
The Executive Yuan comprises the premier, vice-premier, and the cabinet members who are responsible for policy and administration. The President of the Republic appoints the [[Premier of the Republic of China|Premier]], who is officially the President of the Executive Yuan.

===Legislative Yuan===
{{Main|Legislative Yuan}}
[[File:Legislative Yuan (0212).JPG|thumb|Legislative Yuan]]
The main lawmaking body, the Legislative Yuan (LY), was originally elected in 1947. The first LY had 773 seats and was viewed as a "rubber stamp" institution. Like the National Assembly, representatives elected in 1947–48 held these seats "indefinitely" until the 1991 ruling. The second LY was elected in 1992. The third LY, elected in 1995, had 157 members serving 3-year terms. The fourth LY, elected in 1998, was expanded to 225 members. The LY has greatly enhanced its standing in relation to the Executive Yuan and has established itself as an important player on the central level. Along with increasing strength and size this body is beginning to reflect the recently liberalized political system. In the 1992 and 1995 elections, the main opposition party{{spaced ndash}}the [[Democratic Progressive Party]] (DPP){{spaced ndash}}challenged the KMT dominance of the Legislature. In both elections the DPP won a significant share of the LY seats, and the KMT held only half the seats in the LY. In 1998, however, the KMT increased its LY majority from 50% to 55% and continued to play a dominant role in the legislature as the leading opposition party. In the 2001 election, the DPP became the largest party after large losses suffered by the KMT. Control of the Yuan swung back to the KMT after the 2008 elections, while in 2016 the DPP regained the status as the largest party and achieved a majority for the first time in history.

===Judicial Yuan===
{{Main|Judicial Yuan}}
[[File:Judicial Yuan Building 20060521.jpg|thumb|Judicial Yuan]]
The Judicial Yuan administers the ROC's court system. It includes a 15-member Council of Grand Justices that interprets the constitution. Grand Justices are appointed by the President, with the consent of the Legislative Yuan, to eight-year terms.

===Control Yuan===
{{Main|Control Yuan}}
[[File:Control Yuan.JPG|thumb|Control Yuan]]
The [[Control Yuan]] (CY) was elected in 1947 by provincial legislatures. The current form since 1993 monitors the efficiency of public service and investigates instances of corruption. The 29 Control Yuan members are appointed by the president and approved by the Legislative Yuan; they serve 6-year terms. In recent years, the Control Yuan has become more active, and it has conducted several major investigations and impeachments. The current president of the Control Yuan is [[Chen Chu]].

===Examination Yuan===
{{Main|Examination Yuan}}
[[File:Examination Yuan main gate 20110603.jpg|thumb|Examination Yuan]]
The Examination Yuan (ExY) functions as a civil service commission and includes two ministries: the Ministry of Examination, which recruits officials through competitive examination, and the Ministry of Personnel, which manages the civil service. The President appoints the Examination Yuan's President.
The current President of the Examination Yuan is [[Chou Hung-hsien]].