Editing Plymouth (section)

=== Climate ===
Plymouth has a moderated temperate [[oceanic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfb'') which is wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants, palm trees, and yuccas can be cultivated. The annual mean high temperature is approximately {{convert|14|°C|°F|0}}. Due to the moderating effect of the sea and the south-westerly location, the climate is among the mildest of British cities, and one of the warmest UK cities in winter.<ref name="hku">{{cite web |title=Climatological Normals of Plymouth – 1961–1990 |url=http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/uk/plymouth_e.htm |access-date=9 June 2008 |website=Climatological Information for United Kingdom and Ireland |publisher=[[Hong Kong Observatory]] |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524173641/http://www.weather.gov.hk/wxinfo/climat/world/eng/europe/uk/plymouth_e.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The coldest month of February is similarly moderate, having mild mean minimum temperatures between {{convert|3|and|4|°C|°F|0}}. Snow usually falls in small amounts but a noteworthy recent exception was the period of the [[Winter of 2009–10 in Europe|European winter storms of 2009–10]] which, in early January 2010, covered Plymouth in at least {{convert|1|in|cm}} of snow; more on higher ground. Another notable event was the {{convert|8|in|cm}} of snowfall between 17 and 19 December 2010 – though only {{convert|2|in|cm}} would lie at any one time due to melting. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than {{convert|7|cm|0|abbr=on}} per year.<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |title=Climatological Normals of Plymouth – 1961–1990 |url=ftp://dossier.ogp.noaa.gov/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UK/03827.TXT |access-date=9 June 2011 |publisher=NOAA}}</ref>

South West England has a favoured location when the [[Azores High]] pressure area extends north-eastwards towards the UK, particularly in summer. Coastal areas have average annual sunshine totals over 1,600 hours.<ref name="weather" />

Owing to its geographic location, rainfall tends to be associated with Atlantic [[Low pressure area|depressions]] or with convection and is more frequent and heavier than in London and southeast England. The Atlantic depressions are more vigorous in autumn and winter and most of the rain which falls in those seasons in the south-west is from this source. Average annual rainfall is around {{convert|980|mm|in|0}}. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, with June to August having the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.<ref name="weather">{{cite web| url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/southwestengland/index.html|title=About south-west England|publisher=The [[Met Office]]|access-date=28 May 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060225164404/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/location/southwestengland/index.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 25 February 2006}}</ref>

Typically, the warmest day of the year (1971–2000) will achieve a temperature of {{convert|28.6|°C|°F|0}},<ref>{{cite web |title=Average warmest day |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=2131 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175441/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TXx&stationid=2131 |url-status=live }}</ref> although in July 2022 the temperature reached {{convert|33.9|C|F}},<ref>{{cite web |title=1976 High |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=0&year=1976&indexid=TXx&stationid=1814 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175506/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=0&year=1976&indexid=TXx&stationid=1814 |url-status=live }}</ref> the site record. On average, 4.25 days<ref>{{cite web |title=>25.1c days |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1814 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175515/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=SU&stationid=1814 |url-status=live }}</ref> of the year will report a maximum temperature of {{convert|25.1|°C|°F|0}} or above. During the winter half of the year, the coldest night will typically fall to {{convert|-4.1|°C|°F|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Average coldest night |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TNn&stationid=1814 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175519/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=TNn&stationid=1814 |url-status=live }}</ref> although in January 1979 the temperature fell to {{convert|-8.8|°C|°F|0}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=1979 minimum |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=0&year=1979&indexid=TNn&stationid=1814 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175523/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/monitordetail.php?seasonid=0&year=1979&indexid=TNn&stationid=1814 |url-status=live }}</ref> Typically, 18.6 nights<ref>{{cite web |title=Frost average |url=http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=FD&stationid=1814 |access-date=9 June 2011 |archive-date=21 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521175539/http://eca.knmi.nl/utils/calcdetail.php?seasonid=0&periodid=1971-2000&indexid=FD&stationid=1814 |url-status=live }}</ref> of the year will register an air frost.

{{Weather box
| location = Plymouth ([[Mount Batten]]){{efn|Weather station is located {{convert|1.6|mi|1|abbr=out}} from the Plymouth city centre.}}<br>[[Location identifier#WMO station identifiers|WMO ID]]: 03827; coordinates {{coord|50.35489|N|4.12103|W|type:landmark_region:GB|name=Met Office Plymouth|format=dms}}; elevation: {{convert|50|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
| collapsed = 
| metric first = y
| single line = y
| Jan record high C = 14.4
| Feb record high C = 16.3
| Mar record high C = 18.3
| Apr record high C = 27.6
| May record high C = 25.9
| Jun record high C = 31.6
| Jul record high C = 33.9
| Aug record high C = 32.9
| Sep record high C = 28.9
| Oct record high C = 23.0
| Nov record high C = 17.1
| Dec record high C = 16.1
| Jan high C = 9.0
| Feb high C = 9.2
| Mar high C = 10.9
| Apr high C = 13.2
| May high C = 15.9
| Jun high C = 18.4
| Jul high C = 20.2
| Aug high C = 20.3
| Sep high C = 18.5
| Oct high C = 15.1
| Nov high C = 11.9
| Dec high C = 9.7
| year high C = 14.4
| Jan mean C = 6.6
| Feb mean C = 6.6
| Mar mean C = 7.9
| Apr mean C = 9.8
| May mean C = 12.4
| Jun mean C = 14.9
| Jul mean C = 16.8
| Aug mean C = 16.9
| Sep mean C = 15.1
| Oct mean C = 12.3
| Nov mean C = 9.3
| Dec mean C = 7.3
| year mean C = 
| Jan low C = 4.2
| Feb low C = 3.9
| Mar low C = 4.9
| Apr low C = 6.3
| May low C = 8.8
| Jun low C = 11.4
| Jul low C = 13.2
| Aug low C = 13.4
| Sep low C = 11.7
| Oct low C = 9.5
| Nov low C = 6.7
| Dec low C = 4.8
| year low C = 8.2
| Jan record low C = -8.8
| Feb record low C = -7.0
| Mar record low C = -7.0
| Apr record low C = -2.4
| May record low C = -0.5
| Jun record low C = 2.9
| Jul record low C = 6.1
| Aug record low C = 5.9
| Sep record low C = 1.9
| Oct record low C = -1.0
| Nov record low C = -3.4
| Dec record low C = -5.7
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 109.6
| Feb precipitation mm = 87.7
| Mar precipitation mm = 76.2
| Apr precipitation mm = 68.5
| May precipitation mm = 60.1
| Jun precipitation mm = 64.4
| Jul precipitation mm = 63.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 80.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 72.3
| Oct precipitation mm = 112.1
| Nov precipitation mm = 117.8
| Dec precipitation mm = 125.2
| year precipitation mm = 
| Jan snow depth cm  = 1.8
| Feb snow depth cm  = 3.2
| Mar snow depth cm  = 0.6
| Apr snow depth cm  = 0.1
| May snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Jun snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Jul snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Aug snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Sep snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Oct snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Nov snow depth cm  = 0.0
| Dec snow depth cm  = 1.0
| year snow depth cm = 
| unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 15.4
| Feb precipitation days = 12.7
| Mar precipitation days = 12.3
| Apr precipitation days = 11.0
| May precipitation days = 9.8
| Jun precipitation days = 9.7
| Jul precipitation days = 10.0
| Aug precipitation days = 11.3
| Sep precipitation days = 10.1
| Oct precipitation days = 14.8
| Nov precipitation days = 15.9
| Dec precipitation days = 15.7
| year precipitation days = 
| Jan snow days  =3
| Feb snow days  =4
| Mar snow days  =2
| Apr snow days  =1
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0
| Nov snow days  =1
| Dec snow days  =2
| year snow days =
| Jan humidity = 86
| Feb humidity = 84
| Mar humidity = 82
| Apr humidity = 80
| May humidity = 79
| Jun humidity = 80
| Jul humidity = 81
| Aug humidity = 82
| Sep humidity = 83
| Oct humidity = 85
| Nov humidity = 85
| Dec humidity = 86
| year humidity = 82
| Jan dew point C = 5
| Feb dew point C = 4
| Mar dew point C = 5
| Apr dew point C = 6
| May dew point C = 9
| Jun dew point C = 11
| Jul dew point C = 13
| Aug dew point C = 14
| Sep dew point C = 12
| Oct dew point C = 10
| Nov dew point C = 7
| Dec dew point C = 5
| Jan sun = 61.8
| Feb sun = 88.0
| Mar sun = 131.0
| Apr sun = 189.3
| May sun = 227.4
| Jun sun = 220.8
| Jul sun = 209.7
| Aug sun = 197.5
| Sep sun = 161.3
| Oct sun = 118.4
| Nov sun = 72.6
| Dec sun = 54.5
| year sun = 
| Jan uv = 1
| Feb uv = 1
| Mar uv = 3
| Apr uv = 4
| May uv = 6
| Jun uv = 7
| Jul uv = 7
| Aug uv = 6
| Sep uv = 4
| Oct uv = 2
| Nov uv = 1
| Dec uv = 1
| source 1 = [[Met Office]]<ref name="Met Averages">{{cite web |url=https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/maps-and-data/uk-climate-averages/gbvn6nxjm|title= Plymouth 1991–2020 averages |accessdate=15 January 2022|publisher=Met Office}}</ref> [[NOAA]] (Snow depth, Relative humidity and snow/sleet days 1961–1990)<ref>{{cite web
| url =ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-VI/UK/03827.TXT| title = Plymouth–Mount Batten climate normals 1961–1990| access-date =21 March 2019| publisher = [[NOAA]]}}</ref>
| source 2 = [[Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute|KNMI]]<ref>{{cite web| url = https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| title = Indices Data – Plymouth:MountBatten Station 1814| access-date = 7 March 2019| publisher = [[KNMI (institute)|KNMI]]| archive-date = 9 July 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180709010608/https://eca.knmi.nl//download/millennium/millennium.php| url-status = dead}}</ref> WeatherAtlas<ref name="Weather-Atlas">{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/united-kingdom/plymouth-climate#uv_index |title=Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Plymouth, United Kingdom|access-date=23 September 2019|publisher=Weather Atlas}}</ref>

Source 3: [https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/uk/plymouth/climate Time and Date] (dewpoints, between 1985-2015)<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/uk/plymouth/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages at Plymouth weather station (03827)
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 6 February 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=03827&ano=2022&mes=8&day=12&hora=18&min=0&ndays=30|title=03827: Plymouth (United Kingdom) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=12 August 2022  |website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET|access-date=12 August 2022 }}</ref>
| source = 
}}
{|style="width:100%;text-align:center;line-height:1.2em;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto" class="wikitable mw-collapsible"
|-
!Colspan=14|Climate data for Plymouth (normals for 1961-1990)<ref>{{cite web
| url =https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/UK/03827.TXT| title = Plymouth–Mount Batten climate normals 1961–1990| access-date =15 April 2024 |publisher = [[NOAA]] |format=TXT}}</ref>
|-
!Month
!Jan
!Feb
!Mar
!Apr
!May
!Jun
!Jul
!Aug
!Sep
!Oct
!Nov
!Dec
!style="border-left-width:medium"|Year
|-
!Mean number of days with precipitation > {{Convert|10.0|mm|inches|abbr=on}}
|style="background:#9999FF;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#9999FF;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|32
|-
!Mean number of days with [[thunder]]
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCFFCC;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F5FFFA;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|8
|-
!Mean number of days with [[hail]]
|style="background:#C0C0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0C0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0C0FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#CCCCFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|10
|-
!Mean number of days with [[snow]] on ground
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#F0F8FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|2
|-
!Mean number of days with air frost
|style="background:#99CCFF;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#99CCFF;color:#000000;"|6
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|3
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;"|1
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#C0E0FF;color:#000000;"|4
|style="background:#CCE5FF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|22
|-
!Mean number of days grass [[frost]]
|style="background:#40FFFF;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#40FFFF;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#40FFFF;color:#000000;"|11
|style="background:#80FFFF;color:#000000;"|8
|style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#FFFFFF;color:#000000;"|0
|style="background:#CCFFFF;color:#000000;"|2
|style="background:#80FFFF;color:#000000;"|8
|style="background:#40FFFF;color:#000000;"|10
|style="background:#99FFFF;color:#000000;border-left-width:medium"|63
|-
!Colspan=14 style="background:#f8f9fa;font-weight:normal;font-size:95%;"|
|}