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Pierre Schaeffer
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== Works == === Music === Commercial release of Schaeffer's work was limited at best; Schaeffer released his work to the public primarily to disseminate a new and [[avant-garde]] form of music. The original production of his marketed work was done by the "''Groupe de Recherches Musicales''" (a.k.a. GRM; now owned and operated by INA or the ''[[Institut national de l'audiovisuel]]''), the company which he initially had formed around his creations. Other music was broadcast live (Pierre himself being notable on French radio at the time). Some individual tracks found their way into the use of other artists, with Pierre's work being fronted in mime performances and [[ballets]]. Now after his death, various musical production companies, such as ''Disques Adès'' and ''[[Phonurgia Nova]]'' have been granted rights to distribute his work. Below is a list of Schaeffer's musical works, showing his compositions and the year(s) they were recorded. * ''Concertino-Diapason'' (1948; collaboration with [[Jean-Jacques Grunenwald|J.-J. Grunenwald]]) * ''[[Cinq études de bruits]]'' (1948) * ''Suite pour 14 instruments'' (1949) * ''Variations sur une flûte mexicaine'' (1949) * ''Bidule en ut'' (1950; collaboration with [[Pierre Henry]]) * ''La course au kilocycle'' (1950; radio score, collaboration with Pierre Henry) * ''L'oiseau r.a.i.'' (1950) * ''[[Symphonie pour un homme seul]]'' (1950; collaboration with Pierre Henry; revised versions in 1953, 1955, and 1966 (Henry)) * ''Toute la lyre'' (1951; pantomime, collaboration with Pierre Henry. Also known as ''Orphée 51'') * ''Masquerage'' (1952; film score) * ''Les paroles dégelées'' (1952; music for a radio production) * ''Scènes de Don Juan'' (1952; incidental music, collaboration with Monique Rollin) * ''Orphée 53'' (1953; opera) * ''Sahara d'aujourd'hui'' (1957; film score, collaboration with Pierre Henry) * ''Continuo'' (1958; collaboration with [[Luc Ferrari]]) * ''Etude aux sons animés'' (1958) * ''Etude aux allures'' (1958) * ''Exposition française à Londres'' (1958; collaboration with Luc Ferrari) * ''Etude aux objets'' (1959) * ''Nocturne aux chemins de fer'' (1959; incidental music) * ''Phèdre '' (1959; incidental music) * ''Simultané camerounais'' (1959) * ''Phèdre'' (1961) * ''L'aura d'Olga'' (1962; music for a radio production, collaboration with Claude Arrieu) * ''Le trièdre fertile'' (1975; collaboration with Bernard Durr) * ''Bilude'' (1979) === Broadcast narratives === Apart from his published and publicized music, Schaeffer conducted several musical (and specifically musique concrète-related) presentations via French radio. Although these broadcasts contained musical pieces by Schaeffer they cannot be adequately described as part of his main line of musical output. This is because the radio "''essays''", as they were appropriately named, were mainly narration on Schaeffer's musical theories philosophies rather than compositions in and of themselves. Schaeffer's radio narratives include the following: * ''The Shell Filled With Planets'' (1944) * ''Cantata to Alsace'' (1945) * ''An Hour of the World'' (1946) * ''From Claudel to Brangues'' (1953) * ''Ten Years of Radiophonic Experiments from the 'Studio' to the 'Club' d'Essai: 1942–1952'' (1955) === Selected writings === {{For|a complete list of literary works by Pierre Schaeffer|the bibliography of Pierre Schaeffer}} Schaeffer's literary works, fiction and non-fiction, span a range of genres. He predominantly wrote treatises and essays, but also penned a film review and two plays. An ardent [[Catholic]], Schaeffer wrote ''Chlothar Nicole'' (French: ''Clotaire Nicole''; published 1938)—a [[Christian novel]] or short story—and ''Tobias'' (French: ''Tobie''; published 1939) a religiously based play. ==== Fiction ==== ===== Novels and short stories ===== *''Chlothar Nicole'' (1938) *''The Guardian of The Volcano'' (1969) *''Prelude, Chorale and Fugue'' (1981) ===== Plays ===== *''Tobie'' (1939) *''Secular Games'' (1946) ==== Non-fiction ==== *''America, We Ignore You'' (1946) *''The Non-Visual Element of Films'' (1946) *''[[In Search of a Concrete Music]]'' (1952) *''Traité des objets musicaux'' (1966) *''Solfège de l'objet sonore'' (1967) *''Music and Acoustics'' (1967)
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